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.TH ECP 1
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.SH NAME
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ecp \- fast copy, handling errors
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.in +.5i
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.ti -.5i
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.B ecp
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[
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.B \-bcprvZ
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] [
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.B \-B
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.I block-size
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] [
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.B \-e
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.I max-errors
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] [
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.B \-i
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.I issect
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] [
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.B \-o
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.I ossect
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] [
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.B \-s
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.I sector-size
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]
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.I sectors
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.I input
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.I output
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Ecp
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copies
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.I sectors
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disk sectors of the specified
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.I input
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file to the specified
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.I output
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file.
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.I Ecp
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copies multiple sectors (a `block') at a time for speed.
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When
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.I ecp
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encounters an I/O error,
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it transfers the current block again,
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assuming the file is seekable,
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one sector at a time,
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prints the sector number(s) of the error(s),
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and continues copying.
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.PP
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Options are:
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.TP 4
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.B \-b
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reblock
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.IR input
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on short reads;
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this was used mainly when reading a pipe on standard input
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on 4.2+BSD systems.
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.TP
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.B \-B
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sets the block size (16,384 bytes by default) to
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.IR block-size .
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.TP
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.B \-c
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ask for confirmation on
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.B /dev/cons
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before starting the copy.
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.TP
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.B \-e
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sets a maximum number of consecutive I/O errors to permit
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at the beginning of the copy before quitting to
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.IR max-errors .
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Lots of consecutive errors may indicate a deeper problem,
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such as missing media.
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By default there is no limit.
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.TP
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.B \-i
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seeks to sector
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.I issect
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(assuming zero-origin)
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before beginning input.
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.TP
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.B \-o
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seeks to sector
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.I ossect
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(assuming zero-origin)
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before beginning output.
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.TP
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.B \-p
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print reassuring progress reports;
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helpful mainly when dealing with cranky hardware.
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.TP
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.B \-r
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copy sector groups in reverse order,
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assuming the files are seekable;
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this is most useful when
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.I input
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and
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.I output
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overlap.
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.TP
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.B \-s
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sets the sector size (512 bytes by default) to
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.IR sector-size .
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.TP
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.B \-v
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verify the copy by rereading the
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.I input
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and
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.I output
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files after copying all sectors.
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This is intended to force the disk to deliver the actual
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data written on it rather than some cached copy.
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The locations of any differences are printed.
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.TP
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.B \-Z
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`Swizzle' the input: stir the bits around in some fashion.
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Intended for diagnosing bad disks by copying a disk to itself
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a few times with swizzling on (to defeat caching in operating systems
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or disk controllers).
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.I fcp
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in
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.IR cp (1),
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.IR dd (1),
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.IR dup (3)
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.SH BUGS
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.BR \-i ,
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.BR \-o ,
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.BR \-r ,
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.B \-v
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and error retries only work on devices capable of seeking.
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.PP
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The set of options reflects decades of experience
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dealing with troublesome hardware.
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.PP
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If the input file is a tape and
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the last record on the tape before a file mark is less than
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.I blocksize
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bytes long,
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then
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.I ecp
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will read through past the file mark and into the next file.