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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>ps2pdf: PostScript-to-PDF converter</title>
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<!-- $Id: Ps2pdf.htm,v 1.88 2005/10/20 19:46:23 ray Exp $ -->
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<!-- Originally: ps2pdf.txt -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="gs.css" title="Ghostscript Style">
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- [1.0 begin visible header] ============================================ -->
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<!-- [1.1 begin headline] ================================================== -->
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<h1><tt>ps2pdf</tt>: PostScript-to-PDF converter</h1>
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<!-- [1.2 begin table of contents] ========================================= -->
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21 
<h2>Table of contents</h2>
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23 
<blockquote><ul>
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<li><a href="#Overview">Overview</a>
25 
<li><a href="#Usage">Usage</a>
26 
<li><a href="#Orientation">Setting page orientation</a>
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<li><a href="#Options">Options</a>
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<li><a href="#PDFX">Creating a PDF/X-3 document</a>
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<li><a href="#Limitations">Limitations</a>
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<li><a href="#PPD">Ghostscript PDF Printer Description</a>
31 
<li><a href="#Problems">Known problems</a>
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<li><a href="#Ps2pdf_vs_AD">Comparison of <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> and Acrobat Distiller</a>
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<li><a href="#Acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a>
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</ul></blockquote>
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<!-- [1.2 end table of contents] =========================================== -->
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<!-- [1.3 begin hint] ====================================================== -->
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<p>For other information, see the <a href="Readme.htm">Ghostscript
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overview</a>.
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45 
<hr>
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<!-- [1.0 end visible header] ============================================== -->
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<!-- [2.0 begin contents] ================================================== -->
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51 
<h2><a name="Overview"></a>Overview</h2>
52 
 
53 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> is a work-alike for nearly all the functionality (but
54 
not the user interface) of Adobe's Acrobat<small><sup>TM</sup></small>
55 
Distiller<small><sup>TM</sup></small> product: it converts PostScript files
56 
to Portable Document Format (PDF) files.
57 
 
58 
<p>
59 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> is implemented as a very small command script (batch
60 
file) that invokes Ghostscript, selecting a special "output device" called
61 
<b><tt>pdfwrite</tt></b>.  In order to use <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>, the
62 
<b><tt>pdfwrite</tt></b> device must be included in the makefile when
63 
Ghostscript was compiled; see the <a
64 
href="Make.htm#Features_and_devices">documentation on building
65 
Ghostscript</a> for details: this is currently the case on all platforms, in
66 
Ghostscript as we distribute it.
67 
 
68 
<hr>
69 
 
70 
<h2><a name="Usage"></a>Usage</h2>
71 
 
72 
<p>
73 
The usage for <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> is
74 
 
75 
<blockquote><b><tt>
76 
ps2pdf</tt></b> <em>[options] input.[e]ps output.pdf</em>
77 
</blockquote>
78 
 
79 
<p>
80 
or, on Unix systems and some versions of Windows NT and OS/2
81 
 
82 
<blockquote><b><tt>
83 
ps2pdf</tt></b> <em>input.[e]ps</em>
84 
</blockquote>
85 
 
86 
<p>
87 
which is equivalent to
88 
 
89 
<blockquote><b><tt>
90 
ps2pdf</tt></b> <em>input.[e]ps input.pdf</em>
91 
</blockquote>
92 
 
93 
<p>
94 
There are actually several different <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b><em>*</em> scripts:
95 
the name <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> above refers to any of them.
96 
 
97 
<ul>
98 
 
99 
<li><b><tt>ps2pdf12</tt></b> produces PDF 1.2 output (Acrobat 3-and-later
100 
compatible).
101 
 
102 
<li><b><tt>ps2pdf13</tt></b> produces PDF 1.3 output (Acrobat 4-and-later
103 
compatible).
104 
 
105 
<li><b><tt>ps2pdf14</tt></b> produces PDF 1.4 output (Acrobat 5-and-later
106 
compatible).
107 
 
108 
<li><b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> per se currently produces PDF 1.2 output.
109 
However, this may change in the future.  If you care about the compatibility
110 
level of the output, use <b><tt>ps2pdf12</tt></b>, <b><tt>ps2pdf13</tt></b>,
111 
or <b><tt>ps2pdf14</tt></b>, or use the
112 
<b><tt>-dCompatibilityLevel=</tt></b><em>1.x</em> switch in the command
113 
line.
114 
 
115 
</ul>
116 
 
117 
<p>
118 
Note that if you specify a value for <b><tt>PDFSETTINGS</tt></b>, this
119 
chooses PDF 1.3 or 1.4 output depending on the value of
120 
<b><tt>PDFSETTINGS</tt></b>: this overrides the output format specified by
121 
the script name.  You can still specify the output format by using
122 
<b><tt>-dCompatibilityLevel=</tt></b> <em>after</em>
123 
<b><tt>-dPDFSETTINGS=</tt></b>.
124 
 
125 
<p>
126 
All of these scripts actually call a script named <b><tt>ps2pdfwr</tt></b>
127 
or <b><tt>ps2pdfxx</tt></b>.  The Unix <b><tt>ps2pdfwr</tt></b> script
128 
assumes that the Ghostscript executable is named <b><tt>gs</tt></b>; it is
129 
unlikely that you will need to change this.  The DOS and MS Windows
130 
<b><tt>ps2pdfxx.bat</tt></b> script uses the value of the
131 
<b><tt>GSC</tt></b> environment variable, if defined, as the name of the
132 
executable; otherwise the script assumes the executable is named
133 
<b><tt>gswin32c</tt></b>.  So in these environments, if the executable has a
134 
different name, you must set <b><tt>GSC</tt></b> to the name of the
135 
executable.
136 
 
137 
<hr>
138 
 
139 
<h2><a name="Orientation"></a>Setting page orientation</h2>
140 
 
141 
<p>
142 
By default Ghostscript determines viewing page orientation based on the dominant
143 
text orientation on the page. Sometimes, when the page has text in several
144 
orientations or has no text at all, wrong orientation can be selected.
145 
 
146 
<p>
147 
Acrobat Distiller parameter <b><tt>AutoRotatePages</b></tt> controls the
148 
automatic orientation selection algorithm. On Ghostscript, besides
149 
input stream, Distiller parameters can be given as command line arguments.
150 
For instance: <b><tt>-dAutoRotatePages=/None</b></tt> or
151 
<b><tt>/All</b></tt> or <b><tt>/PageByPage</b></tt>.
152 
 
153 
<p>
154 
When there is no text on the page or automatic page rotation is set to
155 
<b><tt>/None</b></tt> an orientation value from setpagedevice is used.
156 
Valid values are: <b><tt>0</b></tt> (portrait),
157 
<b><tt>3</b></tt> (landscape), <b><tt>2</b></tt> (upside down),
158 
and <b><tt>1</b></tt> (seascape). The orientation can be set from the
159 
command line as <b><tt>-c "&lt;&lt;/Orientation 3&gt;&gt; setpagedevice"</b></tt>
160 
using Ghostscript directly but cannot be set in <b><tt>ps2pdf</b></tt>.
161 
See <a href="#Limitations">Limitations</a> below.
162 
</pre>
163 
 
164 
<p>
165 
Ghostscript passes the orientation values from DSC comments to
166 
<b><tt>pdfwrite</b></tt> driver
167 
but they are effectively ignored there. This appears to be consistent with
168 
Distiller 5 behavior.
169 
 
170 
<hr>
171 
 
172 
<h2><a name="Options"></a>Options</h2>
173 
 
174 
<p>
175 
The <em>options</em> in the command line may include any switches that may
176 
be used with Ghostscript's PostScript and PDF interpreter (see <a
177 
href="Use.htm#Switches">here</a> for a complete list), although almost none
178 
of them are useful with <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>.  The following may be
179 
useful:
180 
 
181 
<dl>
182 
 
183 
<dt><b><tt>-r</tt></b><em>resolution</em>
184 
<dd>Sets the resolution for pattern fills and for fonts that must be
185 
converted to bitmaps.
186 
 
187 
<dt><b><tt>-dProcessColorModel=</tt></b><em>device_color_space</em> <dd>Sets
188 
the color space to be used for device-dependent colors in the
189 
output. <em>device_color_space</em> may be <b><tt>/DeviceGray</tt></b>,
190 
<b><tt>/DeviceRGB</tt></b>, or <b><tt>/DeviceCMYK</tt></b>; the default
191 
value is <b><tt>/DeviceRGB</tt></b>.  Note that this does not affect images:
192 
see <a href="#Limitations">Limitations</a> below.
193 
 
194 
</dl>
195 
 
196 
<p>
197 
More importantly, <em>options</em> may include
198 
<b><tt>-d</tt></b><em>parameter</em>=<em>value</em> or
199 
<b><tt>-s</tt></b><em>parameter</em>=<em>string</em> switches for setting
200 
"distiller parameters", Adobe's documented parameters for controlling the
201 
conversion process.  The PostScript <b><tt>setdistillerparams</tt></b> and
202 
<b><tt>currentdistillerparams</tt></b> operators are also recognized when
203 
running <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>, and provide an equivalent way to set these
204 
parameters from within the PostScript input file.
205 
 
206 
<p>
207 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> also recognizes the following options:
208 
 
209 
<dl>
210 
 
211 
<dt><b><tt>-dCompressFonts=</tt></b><em>boolean</em>
212 
<dd>Defines whether <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> will compress embedded fonts in
213 
the output.  The default value is <b><tt>true</tt></b>; the
214 
<b><tt>false</tt></b> setting is intended only for debugging.
215 
 
216 
<dt><b><tt>-dMaxInlineImageSize=</tt></b><em>integer</em>
217 
<dd>Specifies the maximum size of an inline image, in bytes. For images larger
218 
than this size, <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> will create an XObject instead of embedding
219 
the image into the context stream.
220 
The default value is <b><tt>4000</tt></b>.
221 
Note that redundant inline images must be embedded each time they occur in the
222 
document, while multiple references can be made to a single XObject image. Therefore
223 
it may be advantageous to set a small or zero value if the source document is expected
224 
to contain multiple identical images, reducing the size of the generated PDF.
225 
 
226 
<dt><b><tt>-dPDFSETTINGS=</tt></b><em>configuration</em>
227 
<dd>Presets the "distiller parameters" to one of four predefined settings:
228 
 
229 
<ul>
230 
 
231 
<li><b><tt>/screen</tt></b> selects low-resolution output similar to the
232 
Acrobat Distiller "Screen Optimized" setting.
233 
 
234 
<li><b><tt>/ebook</tt></b> selects medium-resolution output similar to the
235 
Acrobat Distiller "eBook" setting.
236 
 
237 
<li><b><tt>/printer</tt></b> selects output similar to the Acrobat Distiller
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"Print Optimized" setting.
239 
 
240 
<li><b><tt>/prepress</tt></b> selects output similar to Acrobat Distiller
241 
"Prepress Optimized" setting.
242 
 
243 
<li><b><tt>/default</tt></b> selects output intended to be useful across a
244 
wide variety of uses, possibly at the expense of a larger output file.
245 
 
246 
</ul>
247 
 
248 
</dl>
249 
 
250 
<p>
251 
The following option controls a conversion into PDF/X-3:
252 
<p>
253 
 
254 
<dl>
255 
<dt><b><tt>-dPDFX=</tt></b><em>boolean</em>
256 
<dd>Specifies the generated document to follow the PDF/X-3 standard.
257 
When true, a <b><tt>DefaultRGB</b></tt> <b><tt>ColorSpace</b></tt> resource must be defined, and
258 
options <b><tt>NOSUBSTDEVICECOLORS</b></tt>, <b><tt>NOCIE</b></tt> must not be specified.
259 
Default value is <b><tt>false</b></tt>.
260 
</dl>
261 
 
262 
<p>
263 
 
264 
When generating a PDF/X-3 document, Ghostscript performs the following
265 
special actions to satisfy the PDF/X-3 standard :
266 
<ul>
267 
<li> All fonts are being embedded.
268 
<li> <b><tt>DeviceRGB</b></tt> color space is being substituted with <b><tt>DefaultRGB</b></tt> color space,
269 
which must be defined in the <b><tt>ColorSpace</b></tt> category.
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The easiest way is to provide it in the <b><tt>DefaultRGB</b></tt> file in the resource directory.
271 
<li> <b><tt>DeviceRGB</b></tt> color values are being passed unchanged.
272 
If an user needs an untrivial color adjustment, an untrivial <b><tt>DefaultRGB</b></tt> color space to be
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defined.
274 
<li> Transfer functions and halftone phases are being skipped.
275 
<li> <b><tt>/PS pdfmark</b></tt> interpretes the <b><tt>DataSource</b></tt> stream or file.
276 
</ul>
277 
 
278 
 
279 
<p>
280 
The following options control a conversion into PDF 1.2:
281 
<p>
282 
 
283 
<dl>
284 
 
285 
<dt><b><tt>-dPatternImagemask=</tt></b><em>boolean</em>
286 
<dd>With <b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &LT 1.3 </b></tt> it specifies whether the target viewer
287 
handles <b><tt>ImageMask</b></tt> with a pattern color. Some old viewers,
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such as Ghostscript 3.30 fail with such constructs.
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Seting this option to false, one can get more compatibility,
290 
but the mask interpolation is lost.
291 
With <b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &GT= 1.3 </b></tt> this option is being ignored.
292 
Default value is <b><tt>false</b></tt>.
293 
 
294 
<dt><b><tt>-dMaxClipPathSize=</tt></b><em>integer</em>
295 
<dd>Specifies the maximum number of elements in the clipping path
296 
that the target viewer can handle. This option is used only with
297 
<b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &LT 1.3 </b></tt> and <b><tt>PatternImagemask=false</tt></b>,
298 
and only when converting a mask into a clipping path.
299 
If the clipping path exceeds the specified size,
300 
the masked image and the clipping path is being decomposed into smaller images.
301 
The value of the option counts straight path segments
302 
(curved segments are not used for representing a mask).
303 
Default value is <b><tt>12000</b></tt>.
304 
 
305 
<dt><b><tt>-dMaxShadingBitmapSize=</tt></b><em>integer</em>
306 
<dd>With <b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &LT 1.3 </b></tt> it specifies
307 
the maximum number of bytes allowed for representing a shading as a bitmap.
308 
If a shading exceeds this value, the resolution of the output bitmap
309 
is being reduces to fit into the specified frame.
310 
Note that the number of bytes depends on the number of color components
311 
in <b><tt>ProcessColorModel</b></tt>, assumes 8 bits per sample,
312 
and doesn't account an image compression or filtering.
313 
Also note that reducing the resolution results unsmooth shading boundaries.
314 
 
315 
With <b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &GT= 1.3 </b></tt> this option is being ignored.
316 
Default value is <b><tt>256000</b></tt>.
317 
For the best quality one can set the maximal integer value,
318 
but the output file size may dramatically increase.
319 
Therefore the user should choose a compromise value.
320 
 
321 
<dt><b><tt>-dHaveTrueTypes=</tt></b><em>boolean</em>
322 
<dd>With <b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &LT 1.3 </b></tt> it specifies
323 
whether the target viewer can handle TrueType fonts.
324 
If not, TrueType fonts are being converted into raster fonts
325 
with resolution specified in </b></tt>HWResolution</b></tt>.
326 
With <b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &GT= 1.3 </b></tt> this option is being ignored.
327 
Default value is <b><tt>true</b></tt>.
328 
 
329 
</dl>
330 
 
331 
<p>
332 
The following option controls a conversion into PDF 1.3:
333 
<p>
334 
 
335 
<dl>
336 
 
337 
<dt><b><tt>-dHaveTransparency=</tt></b><em>boolean</em>
338 
<dd>With <b><tt>CompatibilityLevel &GT= 1.4 </b></tt> it specifies
339 
whether the target viewer can handle PDF 1.4 transparency objects.
340 
If not, transparency objects are being converted into plain images.
341 
Default value is <b><tt>true</b></tt>.
342 
 
343 
</dl>
344 
 
345 
<a name="Encryption"></a>
346 
The following switches are used for creating encrypted documents :
347 
 
348 
<dl>
349 
<dt><b><tt>-sOwnerPassword=</tt></b><em>string</em>
350 
<dd>Defines that the document be encrypted with the specified
351 
owner password.
352 
</dl>
353 
 
354 
<dl>
355 
<dt><b><tt>-sUserPassword=</tt></b><em>string</em>
356 
<dd>Defines the user password for opening the document.
357 
If empty, the document can be opened with no password,
358 
but the owner password is required to edit it.
359 
</dl>
360 
 
361 
<dl>
362 
<dt><b><tt>-dPermissions=</tt></b><em>number</em>
363 
<dd>Defines the PDF permissions flag field. Negative values are allowed
364 
to represent unsigned integers with the highest bit set. See the PDF
365 
Reference manual for the meaning of the flag bits.
366 
</dl>
367 
 
368 
<dl>
369 
<dt><b><tt>-dEncryptionR=</tt></b><em>number</em>
370 
<dd>Defines the encryption method revision number - either 2 or 3.
371 
</dl>
372 
 
373 
<dl>
374 
<dt><b><tt>-dKeyLength=</tt></b><em>number</em>
375 
<dd>Defines the length (in bits) of the encryption key.
376 
Must be a multiple of 8 in the interval [40, 128].
377 
If the length isn't 40, <b><tt>-dEncryptionR</tt></b> must be 3.
378 
</dl>
379 
 
380 
 
381 
<p>
382 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> recognizes all of the Acrobat Distiller 5 parameters
383 
defined in the DistillerParameters document included in the
384 
<a href="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/acrobat/sdk/index.html">Acrobat SDK</a>.
385 
Cells in the table
386 
containing '=' mean that the value of the parameter is the same as in the
387 
"default" column.
388 
 
389 
<blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
390 
<tr valign=bottom>
391 
	<th align=left>Parameter name
392 
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
393 
	<th align=left>Notes
394 
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
395 
	<th align=left>default
396 
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
397 
	<th align=left>screen
398 
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
399 
	<th align=left>ebook
400 
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
401 
	<th align=left>printer
402 
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
403 
	<th align=left>prepress
404 
<tr>	<td colspan=13><hr>
405 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AlwaysEmbed</tt></b><td><td><td><td>[]<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
406 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AntiAliasColorImages</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
407 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AntiAliasGrayImages</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
408 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AntiAliasMonoImages</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
409 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ASCII85EncodePages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
410 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AutoFilterColorImages</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_1">(1)</a><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
411 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AutoFilterGrayImages</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_1">(1)</a><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
412 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AutoPositionEPSFiles</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
413 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>AutoRotatePages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>/PageByPage<td><td>/PageByPage<td><td>/All<td><td>/None<td><td>/None
414 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>Binding</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>/Left<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
415 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CalCMYKProfile</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>()<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
416 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CalGrayProfile</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>()<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
417 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CalRGBProfile</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>()<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
418 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CannotEmbedFontPolicy</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>/Warning<td><td>/Warning<td><td>/Warning<td><td>/Warning<td><td>/Error
419 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorACSImageDict</tt></b><td><td><td><td><a href="#note_7">(note 7)</a><td><td><a href="#note_10">(note 10)</a><td><td><a href="#note_10">(note 10)</a><td><td><a href="#note_8">(note 8)</a><td><td><a href="#note_9">(note 9)</a>
420 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorConversionStrategy</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0</a>,<a href="#note_6">6)</a><td><td>/LeaveColorUnchanged<td><td>/sRGB<td><td>/sRGB<td><td>/UseDeviceIndependentColor<td><td>/LeaveColorUnchanged
421 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorImageDepth</tt></b><td><td><td><td>-1<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
422 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorImageDict</tt></b><td><td><td><td><a href="#note_7">(note 7)</a><td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
423 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorImageFilter</tt></b><td><td><td><td>/DCTEncode<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
424 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorImageDownsampleThreshold</tt></b><td><td><td><td>1.5<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
425 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorImageDownsampleType</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_3">(3)</a><td><td>/Subsample<td><td>/Average<td><td>/Bicubic<td><td>/Bicubic<td><td>/Bicubic
426 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ColorImageResolution</tt></b><td><td><td><td>72<td><td>72<td><td>150<td><td>300<td><td>300
427 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CompatibilityLevel</tt></b><td><td><td><td>1.4<td><td>1.3<td><td>1.4<td><td>1.4<td><td>1.4
428 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CompressPages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
429 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ConvertCMYKImagesToRGB</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
430 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ConvertImagesToIndexed</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
431 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CoreDistVersion</tt></b><td><td><td><td>4000<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
432 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>CreateJobTicket</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true
433 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>DefaultRenderingIntent</tt></b><td><td><td><td>/Default<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
434 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>DetectBlends</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
435 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>DoThumbnails</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>true
436 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>DownsampleColorImages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true<td><td>false<td><td>false
437 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>DownsampleGrayImages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true<td><td>false<td><td>false
438 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>DownsampleMonoImages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true<td><td>false<td><td>false
439 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>EmbedAllFonts</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true<td><td>true
440 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>EmitDSCWarnings</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
441 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>EncodeColorImages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
442 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>EncodeGrayImages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
443 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>EncodeMonoImages</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
444 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>EndPage</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>-1<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
445 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>GrayACSImageDict</tt></b><td><td><td><td><a href="#note_7">(note 7)</a><td><td><a href="#note_7">(note 7)</a><td><td><a href="#note_10">(note 10)</a><td><td><a href="#note_8">(note 8)</a><td><td><a href="#note_9">(note 9)</a>
446 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>GrayImageDepth</tt></b><td><td><td><td>-1<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
447 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>GrayImageDict</tt></b><td><td><td><td><a href="#note_7">(note 7)</a><td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
448 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>GrayImageDownsampleThreshold</tt></b><td><td><td><td>1.5<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
449 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>GrayImageDownsampleType</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_3">(3)</a><td><td>/Subsample<td><td>/Average<td><td>/Bicubic<td><td>/Bicubic<td><td>/Bicubic
450 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>GrayImageFilter</tt></b><td><td><td><td>/DCTEncode<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
451 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>GrayImageResolution</tt></b><td><td><td><td>72<td><td>72<td><td>150<td><td>300<td><td>300
452 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ImageMemory</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>524288<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
453 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>LockDistillerParams</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
454 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>LZWEncodePages</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_2">(2)</a><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
455 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>MaxSubsetPct</tt></b><td><td><td><td>100<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
456 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>MonoImageDepth</tt></b><td><td><td><td>-1<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
457 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>MonoImageDict</tt></b><td><td><td><td><<K -1>><td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
458 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>MonoImageDownsampleThreshold</tt></b><td><td><td><td>1.5<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
459 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>MonoImageDownsampleType</tt></b><td><td><td><td>/Subsample<td><td>/Average<td><td>/Bicubic<td><td>/Bicubic<td><td>/Bicubic
460 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>MonoImageFilter</tt></b><td><td><td><td>/CCITTFaxEncode<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
461 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>MonoImageResolution</tt></b><td><td><td><td>300<td><td>300<td><td>300<td><td>1200<td><td>1200
462 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>NeverEmbed</tt></b><td><td><td><td><a href="#note_11">(note 11)</a><a href="#note_12">(note 12)</a><td><td><a href="#note_11">(note 11)</a><a href="#note_12">(note 12)</a><td><td><a href="#note_11">(note 11)</a><a href="#note_12">(note 12)</a><td><td>[]<a href="#note_12">(note 12)</a><td><td>[]<a href="#note_12">(note 12)</a>
463 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>OffOptimizations</tt></b><td><td><td><td>0<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
464 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>OPM</tt></b><td><td><td><td>1<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
465 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>Optimize</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0</a>,<a href="#note_5">5)</a><td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true<td><td>true<td><td>true
466 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ParseDSCComments</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
467 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
468 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>PreserveCopyPage</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
469 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>PreserveEPSInfo</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
470 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>PreserveHalftoneInfo</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
471 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>PreserveOPIComments</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true
472 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>PreserveOverprintSettings</tt></b><td><td><td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>false<td><td>true<td><td>true
473 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>sRGBProfile</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>()<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
474 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>StartPage</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>1<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
475 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>SubsetFonts</tt></b><td><td><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
476 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>TransferFunctionInfo</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_4">(4)</a><td><td>/Preserve<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
477 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>UCRandBGInfo</tt></b><td><td><td><td>/Remove<td><td>/Remove<td><td>/Remove<td><td>/Preserve<td><td>/Preserve
478 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>UseFlateCompression</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_2">(2)</a><td><td>true<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
479 
<tr valign=top><td><b><tt>UsePrologue</tt></b><td><td><a href="#note_0">(0)</a><td><td>false<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=<td><td>=
480 
</table></blockquote>
481 
 
482 
<p>
483 
<a name="note_0">(note 0)</a>
484 
This parameter can be set and queried, but currently has no effect.
485 
 
486 
<p>
487 
<a name="note_1">(note 1)</a>
488 
Currently, <b><tt>AutoFilterxxxImages</tt></b> doesn't examine the image to
489 
decide between JPEG and LZW or Flate compression: it always uses
490 
Flate compression.  If you want to force JPEG compression, use
491 
<b><tt>-dAutoFilterxxxImages=false</tt></b>.
492 
 
493 
<p>
494 
<a name="note_2">(note 2)</a>
495 
Because of Unisys's threats regarding the Welch patent,
496 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> does not actually use LZW compression: instead, it
497 
treats all requests for LZW compression as calling for Flate compression.
498 
Concomitantly, <tt>UseFlateCompression</tt> is treated as always on, and
499 
the value of this parameter is ignored as with note 0. Now that the patent
500 
has expired, we could change this should it become worthwhile.
501 
 
502 
<p>
503 
<a name="note_3">(note 3)</a>
504 
The <b><tt>xxxDownsampleType</tt></b> parameters can also have the value
505 
/Bicubic (a Distiller 4 feature), which is currently treated as equivalent
506 
to /Average.
507 
 
508 
<p>
509 
<a name="note_4">(note 4)</a>
510 
Currently, the transfer function is always applied.  If the corresponding
511 
parameter is set to <b><tt>/Preserve</tt></b>, the function setting is also
512 
copied into the PDF file.
513 
 
514 
<p>
515 
<a name="note_5">(note 5)</a>
516 
Optimization (linearization) is implemented with a separate program,
517 
<b><tt>pdfopt</tt></b> <em>input.pdf</em> <em>output.pdf</em>; the
518 
<b><tt>Optimize</tt></b> parameter has no effect.
519 
 
520 
<p>
521 
<a name="note_6">(note 6)</a>
522 
Currently, colors for images and shadings are left in the color space
523 
specified in the PostScript input, except for
524 
<b><tt>ConvertCMYKImagesToRGB</tt></b>; the current color in the graphics
525 
state (used for fill, stroke, text, and imagemask) is always converted to
526 
the color space specified by the current value of
527 
<b><tt>ProcessColorModel</tt></b>. The intended behavior is the same as for
528 
Acrobat Distiller, except that if <b><tt>ColorConversionStrategy</tt></b> is
529 
set to <b><tt>/UseDeviceDependentColor</tt></b>, colors are converted to the
530 
color space specified by <b><tt>ProcessColorModel</tt></b> rather than
531 
always to <b><tt>/DeviceRGB</tt></b>.
532 
 
533 
<p>
534 
<a name="note_7">(note 7)</a>
535 
 The default image parameter dictionary is
536 
<blockquote><b><tt>
537 
<< /QFactor 0.9 /Blend 1 /HSamples [2 1 1 2] /VSamples [2 1 1 2] >>
538 
</tt></b></blockquote>
539 
 
540 
<p>
541 
<a name="note_8">(note 8)</a>
542 
The printer ACS image parameter dictionary is
543 
<blockquote><b><tt>
544 
<< /QFactor 0.4 /Blend 1 /ColorTransform 1 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >>
545 
</tt></b></blockquote>
546 
 
547 
<p>
548 
<a name="note_9">(note 9)</a>
549 
The prepress ACS image parameter dictionary is
550 
<blockquote><b><tt>
551 
<< /QFactor 0.15 /Blend 1 /ColorTransform 1 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >>
552 
</tt></b></blockquote>
553 
 
554 
<p>
555 
<a name="note_10">(note 10)</a>
556 
The screen and ebook ACS image parameter dictionary is
557 
<blockquote><b><tt>
558 
<< /QFactor 0.76 /Blend 1 /ColorTransform 1 /HSamples [2 1 1 2] /VSamples [2 1 1 2] >>
559 
</tt></b></blockquote>
560 
 
561 
<p>
562 
<a name="note_11">(note 11)</a>
563 
The default, screen, and ebook settings never embed the 14 standard fonts
564 
(Courier, Helvetica, and Times families, Symbol, and ZapfDingbats).
565 
 
566 
<p>
567 
<a name="note_12">(note 12)</a>
568 
<b><tt>NeverEmbed</tt></b> can include CID font names.
569 
If a CID font is substituted in <b><tt>lib/cidfmap</tt></b>,
570 
the substitute font name is used when the CID font is embedded,
571 
and the original CID font name is used when it is not embedded.
572 
<b><tt>NeverEmbed</tt></b> should always specify the original CID font
573 
name.
574 
 
575 
<hr>
576 
 
577 
<h2><a name="PPD"></a>Ghostscript PDF Printer Description</h2>
578 
<p>
579 
To assist with creating a PostScript file suitable for conversion
580 
to PDF, ghostscript includes <a href="../lib/ghostpdf.ppd">ghostpdf.ppd</a>,
581 
a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file.
582 
This allows some <a href="#Options">distiller parameters</a>
583 
to be set when a PostScript file is generated.
584 
 
585 
<h3>Windows XP or 2000</h3>
586 
<p>
587 
To install a "Ghostscript PDF" printer on Windows XP,
588 
select the Windows Control Panel,
589 
Printers and Faxes,
590 
Add a Printer,
591 
Local Printer,
592 
Use port FILE: (Print to File),
593 
Have Disk...,
594 
select the directory containg
595 
<a href="../lib/ghostpdf.ppd">ghostpdf.ppd</a>
596 
and
597 
<a href="../lib/ghostpdf.inf">ghostpdf.inf</a>,
598 
select "Ghostscript PDF",
599 
Replace existing driver (if asked),
600 
and answer the remaining questions appropriately.
601 
After installing, open the "Ghostscript PDF" properties,
602 
select the Device Settings tab,
603 
set "Mimimum Font Size to Download as Outline" to 0 pixels.
604 
<p>
605 
To set distiller parameters, select the "Ghostscript PDF"
606 
Printing Preferences, then the Advanced button.
607 
The PDF settings are under "Printer Features".
608 
 
609 
<hr>
610 
 
611 
<h2><a name="PDFX"></a>Creating a PDF/X-3 document</h2>
612 
 
613 
<p>
614 
 
615 
To create a PDF/X-3 document from a Postscript or a PDF file, you should :
616 
 
617 
<ul>
618 
<li> Specify the <b><tt>pdfwrite</b></tt> device or use the <b><tt>ps2pdf</b></tt> script.
619 
<li> Specify the <b><tt>-dPDFX</b></tt> option. It provides the document conformity
620 
     and forces <b><tt>-dCompatibilityLevel=1.3</b></tt>.
621 
<li> Specify <b><tt>-sProcessColorModel=DeviceGray</b></tt> or <b><tt>-sProcessColorModel=DeviceCMYK</b></tt>
622 
     (<b><tt>DeviceRGB</b></tt> is not allowed).
623 
<li> Specify the <b><tt>-dUseCIEColor</b></tt> option if necessary (see below).
624 
<li> Specify a PDF/X definition file before running the input document.
625 
     It provides additional information to be included into the output document.
626 
     A sample PDF/X definition file may be found in <b><tt>gs/lib/PDFX_def.ps</b></tt>.
627 
<li> Provide an ICC profile and specify it in the PDF/X definition file
628 
     as explained below. Rather PDF/X-3 standard defines the ICC profile
629 
     as optional, we could not get it working with  the PDF/X-3 Inspector freeware.
630 
<li> Provide a <b><tt>DefaultRGB</b></tt> resource file in the ColorSpace resource category.
631 
     Either define it in the PDF/X definition file, or provide
632 
     a definition of <b><tt>gs/Resource/ColorSpace/DefaultRGB</b></tt> .
633 
     Rather <b><tt>gs/Resource/ColorSpace/DefaultRGB</b></tt> is usually
634 
     distributed with Ghostscript, its contents is not necessarily satisfy your needs, see below.
635 
</ul>
636 
 
637 
<p>
638 
As mentioned above, the PDF/X definition file provides a special information,
639 
which the PDF/X-3 standard requires. You can find a sample file in
640 
<b><tt>gs/lib/PDFX_def.ps</b></tt>, and edit it according to your needs.
641 
The file follows Postscript syntax and uses the operator <b><tt>pdfmark</b></tt>
642 
to pass the special information. For your comfort
643 
we marked editable lines in the sample file with the comment <b><tt>% Customize</b></tt>.
644 
They are explained below.
645 
 
646 
<dl>
647 
<dt><b><tt>ICCProfile</tt></b> <em>string</em>
648 
<dd>Defines a file name of an ICC profile file to be included into the output document.
649 
You may specify either an absolute file name, or a relative
650 
path fronm the current directory.
651 
</dl>
652 
 
653 
<dl>
654 
<dt><b><tt>Title</tt></b> <em>string</em>
655 
<dd>Defines the document title.
656 
</dl>
657 
 
658 
<dl>
659 
<dt><b><tt>Info</tt></b> <em>string</em>
660 
<dd>Defines an <b><tt>Info</tt></b> value for the output intent dictionary.
661 
</dl>
662 
 
663 
<dl>
664 
<dt><b><tt>OutputCondition</tt></b> <em>string</em>
665 
<dd>Defines an <b><tt>OutputCondition</tt></b> value for the output intent dictionary.
666 
</dl>
667 
 
668 
 
669 
<dl>
670 
<dt><b><tt>OutputConditionIdentifier</tt></b> <em>string</em>
671 
<dd>Defines an <b><tt>OutputConditionIdentifier</tt></b> value for the output intent dictionary.
672 
</dl>
673 
 
674 
<p>
675 
Rather the PDF/X-3 standard requires colors to be adjusted at the
676 
document generation time, Ghostscript <em>does not</em> perform any
677 
special color conversion. Either colors to be adjusted in advance,
678 
or a proper color conversion to be specified in <b><tt>/DefaultGray</b></tt>,
679 
<b><tt>DefaultRGB</b></tt>,  <b><tt>DefaultCMYK</b></tt> resources of the
680 
<b><tt>ColorSpace</b></tt> resource category,
681 
and the <b><tt>-dUseCIEColor</b></tt> option to be specified
682 
to remap device colors into CIE colors.
683 
The choice of the ICC profile is also the user's responsibility.
684 
 
685 
<p>Please note that if a graphic object can't embed into the output format,
686 
Ghostscript converts it into low level objects, using a device color space
687 
specified in the <b><tt>ProcessColorModel</b></tt> option.
688 
If you need to adjust those resulting colors, you may substitute
689 
them with CIE colors, <em>running Ghostscript at second time </em>.
690 
Performing both actions in a single pass is a subject of further improvements.
691 
 
692 
<p>Ghostscript distribution does not contain an ICC profile to be used
693 
for creating a PDF/X-3 document. Users should either create an appropriate one themselves,
694 
or use one from a public domain, or create one with the PDF/X-3 inspector freeware.
695 
<p>
696 
 
697 
Here is a sample command line to invoke Ghostscript for generating a PDF/X-3 document :
698 
<blockquote><b><tt>
699 
gs -dPDFX -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dNOOUTERSAVE -dUseCIEColor -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=out-x3.pdf PDFX_def.ps input.ps
700 
</tt></b></blockquote>
701 
 
702 
<p>
703 
<hr>
704 
 
705 
<h2><a name="Limitations"></a>Limitations</h2>
706 
 
707 
<p>
708 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> will sometimes convert PostScript constructs to
709 
lower-level ones, even if a higher-level construct is available.  For
710 
example, if the PostScript file uses <b><tt>charpath</tt></b> to set a
711 
clipping path consisting of text, <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> will write the
712 
clipping path as a path in the PDF file, rather than as text, even though
713 
PDF is able to express clipping with text.  This is only a performance
714 
issue, and will be improved incrementally over time.
715 
 
716 
<p>
717 
Some applications, such as HIGZ, produce PostScript files that use
718 
ridiculously large coordinates.  On such files, <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> may
719 
cause a <b><tt>limitcheck</tt></b> error.  If this occurs, try reducing the
720 
default internal resolution of 720 dpi by using the <b><tt>-r</tt></b>
721 
switch, e.g., <b><tt>ps2pdf&nbsp;-r300&nbsp;somefile.ps</tt></b>.
722 
 
723 
<p>
724 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> ignores the PDF 1.3 (Acrobat 4.x) pdfmarks related to
725 
document content structure: <b><tt>StRoleMap</tt></b>,
726 
<b><tt>StClassMap</tt></b>, <b><tt>StPNE</tt></b>,
727 
<b><tt>StBookmarkRoot</tt></b>, <b><tt>StPush</tt></b>,
728 
<b><tt>StPop</tt></b>, <b><tt>StPopAll</tt></b>, <b><tt>StBMC</tt></b>,
729 
<b><tt>StBDC</tt></b>, <b><tt>EMC</tt></b>, <b><tt>StOBJ</tt></b>,
730 
<b><tt>StAttr</tt></b>, <b><tt>StStore</tt></b>, <b><tt>StRetrieve</tt></b>,
731 
<b><tt>NamespacePush</tt></b>, <b><tt>NamespacePop</tt></b>, and
732 
<b><tt>NI</tt></b>.  While this causes some structural information to be
733 
omitted from the output file, the displayed and printed output are normally
734 
not affected.
735 
 
736 
<p>
737 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> currently has only very limited support for PDF 1.4.
738 
It writes out the blend mode, constant alpha, and text knockout graphics
739 
state parameters, and it handles images with soft masks, but it does not
740 
handle transparency groups, or soft masks in the graphics state.  (Note that
741 
there is no standard way to specify any of these things in PostScript, so
742 
these statements only apply when the input file is already a PDF 1.4 file.)
743 
 
744 
<p>
745 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> provides simplified interface to Ghostscript
746 
command line. It is not possible to use <tt><b>-c</tt></b> option or pass
747 
multiple source files. For the unrestricted access to the command line
748 
parameters, use Ghostscript directly.
749 
 
750 
<blockquote><b><tt>
751 
gs -q -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sOutputFile=file.pdf </tt></b><em>[more options]</em><b><tt> \<br>
752 
&nbsp;&nbsp;-sDEVICE=pdfwrite -c .setpdfwrite -f </b></tt><em>source1.ps [more files]</em>
753 
</blockquote>
754 
 
755 
See <a href="Language.htm#.setpdfwrite">Language.htm</a> for details
756 
of the <tt>.setpdfwrite</tt> operator.
757 
<hr>
758 
 
759 
<h2><a name="Problems"></a>Known problems</h2>
760 
 
761 
<p>
762 
Distiller parameters should only be saved by <b><tt>save</tt></b> and
763 
restored by <b><tt>restore</tt></b>, but they are also saved by
764 
<b><tt>gsave</tt></b> and restored by <b><tt>grestore</tt></b>.
765 
 
766 
<p>
767 
Changing the value of the <b><tt>CompressPages</tt></b> parameter after any
768 
marks have been made on the page may cause a crash.
769 
 
770 
<hr>
771 
 
772 
<h2><a name="Ps2pdf_vs_AD"></a>Comparison of <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> and
773 
Acrobat Distiller</h2>
774 
 
775 
<p>
776 
According to users, the greatest benefit of <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> is that
777 
it is more robust than Acrobat Distiller: it will process complex and
778 
difficult PostScript files that Acrobat Distiller is not able to handle.
779 
 
780 
<p>
781 
For certain documents, <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> is much faster than Adobe
782 
Distiller, and may be suitable for run-time conversions.  George White,
783 
a heavy user of <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>, remarks:
784 
 
785 
<blockquote>
786 
I haven't seen a head to head comparison, but Distiller seems
787 
slower when running on what should be a faster system (for instance,
788 
Distiller on a PPC Mac vs a 25 MHz 68040 NeXT running
789 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>), so I think this is fair -- also, one of Mark
790 
Doyle's postings indicated that Distiller was not fast enough for use as a
791 
run-time server.  In contrast, I find that I can use <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>
792 
as a post-processor during routine document creation.
793 
</blockquote>
794 
 
795 
<p>
796 
On the other hand, there are some documents for which <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>
797 
may be much slower than Acrobat Distiller.  Caveat user.
798 
 
799 
<p>
800 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> usually produces output that is comparable in size to
801 
the output of Acrobat Distiller; however, it sometimes produces much larger
802 
output, especially if the input file involves pattern fills.
803 
 
804 
<p>
805 
Many users report that the combination of <b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> with
806 
Acrobat Reader is superior to using a generic PostScript viewer
807 
(<b><tt>psview</tt></b> or <b><tt>ghostview</tt></b>), particularly for
808 
documents with many pages where the navigational support in PDF files
809 
reduces the overhead involved in navigating conventional PostScript
810 
documents.
811 
 
812 
<hr>
813 
 
814 
<h2><a name="Acknowledgments"></a>Acknowledgments</h2>
815 
 
816 
<p>
817 
Thanks to George N. White III &lt;<a href="mailto:aa056@chebucto.ns.ca">aa056@chebucto.ns.ca</a>&gt; of the Ocean
818 
Sciences Division of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Dartmouth,
819 
Nova Scotia for extensive testing of early versions of
820 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b>, and for contributing most of this writeup.
821 
 
822 
<p>
823 
Thanks to Martin Hosken of SIL International &lt;<a
824 
href="http://www.sil.org">http://www.sil.org</a>&gt; for help with testing
825 
<b><tt>ps2pdf</tt></b> with a wide variety of international fonts.
826 
 
827 
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828 
 
829 
<!-- [3.0 begin visible trailer] =========================================== -->
830 
<hr>
831 
 
832 
<p>
833 
<small>Copyright &copy; 1996, 2000, 2004 artofcode LLC.  All rights
834 
reserved.</small>
835 
 
836 
<p>
837 
This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
838 
implied.
839 
 
840 
This software is distributed under license and may not be copied,
841 
modified or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms
842 
of the license contained in the file LICENSE in this distribution.
843 
 
844 
For more information about licensing, please refer to
845 
http://www.ghostscript.com/licensing/. For information on
846 
commercial licensing, go to http://www.artifex.com/licensing/ or
847 
contact Artifex Software, Inc., 101 Lucas Valley Road #110,
848 
San Rafael, CA  94903, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861.
849 
 
850 
<p>
851 
<small>Ghostscript version 8.53, 20 October 2005
852 
 
853 
<!-- [3.0 end visible trailer] ============================================= -->
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855 
</body>
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</html>