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.TH YACC 1

.SH NAME

yacc \- yet another compiler-compiler

.SH SYNOPSIS

.B yacc

[

.I option ...

]

.I grammar

.SH DESCRIPTION

.I Yacc

converts a context-free grammar and translation code

into a set of

tables for an LR(1) parser and translator.

The grammar may be ambiguous;

specified precedence rules are used to break ambiguities.

.PP

The output file,

.BR y.tab.c ,

must be compiled by the C compiler

to produce a program

.LR yyparse .

This program must be loaded with a lexical analyzer function,

.B yylex(void)

(often generated by

.IR lex (1)),

with a

.B main(int argc, char *argv[])

program, and with an error handling routine,

.BR yyerror(char*) .

.PP

The options are

.TP "\w'\fL-o \fIoutput\fLXX'u"

.BI -o " output

Direct output to the specified file instead of

.BR y.tab.c .

.TP

.BI -D n

Create file

.BR y.debug ,

containing diagnostic messages.

To incorporate them in the parser, compile it with preprocessor symbol

.B yydebug

defined.

The amount of 

diagnostic output from the parser is regulated by

value

.IR n .

The value 0 reports errors; 1 reports reductions;

higher values (up to 4) include more information about

state transitions.

.TP

.B -v

Create file

.BR y.output ,

containing a description of the parsing tables and of

conflicts arising from ambiguities in the grammar.

.TP

.B -d

Create file

.BR y.tab.h ,

containing

.B #define

statements that associate

.IR yacc -assigned

`token codes' with user-declared `token names'.

Include it in source files other than

.B y.tab.c

to give access to the token codes.

.TP

.BI -s " stem

Change the prefix

.L y 

of the file names

.BR y.tab.c ,

.BR y.tab.h ,

.BR y.debug ,

and

.B y.output

to

.IR stem .

.TP

.B -S

Write a parser that uses

Stdio

instead of the

.B print

routines in libc.

.PP

The specification of

.I yacc

itself is essentially the same as the UNIX version

described in the references mentioned below.

Besides the

.B -D

option, the main relevant differences are:

.IP

The interface to the C environment is by default through

.B <libc.h>

rather than

.BR <stdio.h> ;

the

.B -S

option reverses this.

.IP

The parser accepts

.SM UTF

input text (see

.IR utf (6)),

which has a couple of effects.

First, the return value of

.B yylex()

no longer fits in a

.BR short ;

second, the starting value for non-terminals is now 0xE000 rather than 257.

.IP

The generated parser can be recursive: actions can call

.IR yyparse ,

for example to implement a sort of

.B #include

statement in an interpreter.

.IP

Finally, some undocumented inner workings of the parser have been

changed, which may affect programs that know too much about its structure.

.SH FILES

.TF /sys/lib/yaccpars

.TP

.B y.output

.TP

.B y.tab.c

.TP

.B y.tab.h

.TP

.B y.debug

.TP

.B y.tmp.*

temporary file

.TP

.B y.acts.*

temporary file

.TP

.B /sys/lib/yaccpar

parser prototype

.TP

.B /sys/lib/yaccpars

parser prototype using stdio

.SH SOURCE

.B /sys/src/cmd/yacc.c

.SH "SEE ALSO"

.IR lex (1)

.br

S. C. Johnson and R. Sethi,

``Yacc: A parser generator'',

.I

Unix Research System Programmer's Manual,

Tenth Edition, Volume 2

.br

B. W. Kernighan and Rob Pike,

.I

The UNIX Programming Environment,

Prentice Hall, 1984

.SH BUGS

The parser may not have full information when it writes to

.B y.debug

so that the names of the tokens returned by

.L yylex

may be missing.