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.\" This code contains changes by

.\"      Gunnar Ritter, Freiburg i. Br., Germany, 2002. All rights reserved.

.\"

.\" Conditions 1, 2, and 4 and the no-warranty notice below apply

.\" to these changes.

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.\"

.\"	from vi.1	6.1 (Berkeley) 4/29/85

.\"

.\"	Sccsid @(#)vi.1	1.26 (gritter) 3/12/03

.\"

.ie \n(.g==1 \{\

.ds lq \(lq

.ds rq \(rq

.\}

.el \{\

.ds lq ``

.ds rq ''

.\}

.TH VI 1 "3/12/03" "Ancient Unix Ports" "User Commands"

.SH NAME

vi, view, vedit \- screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex

.SH SYNOPSIS

.HP

.ad l

\fBvi\fR [\fB\-c\fI\ command\fR|\fB+\fIcommand\fR]

[\fB\-r\fR\ [\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\fR]

[\fB\-t\fI\ tagstring\fR] [\fB\-w\fI\ size\fR]

[\fB\-lLRV\fR] [\fIfile\fR ...]

.HP

.ad l

\fBview\fR [\fB\-c\fI\ command\fR|\fB+\fIcommand\fR]

[\fB\-r\fR\ [\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\fR]

[\fB\-t\fI\ tagstring\fR] [\fB\-w\fI\ size\fR]

[\fB\-lLRV\fR] [\fIfile\fR ...]

.HP

.ad l

\fBvedit\fR [\fB\-c\fI\ command\fR|\fB+\fIcommand\fR]

[\fB\-r\fR\ [\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\fR]

[\fB\-t\fI\ tagstring\fR] [\fB\-w\fI\ size\fR]

[\fB\-lLRV\fR] [\fIfile\fR ...]

.br

.ad b

.SH DESCRIPTION

.I Vi

(visual) is a display oriented text editor based on

.IR ex (1).

.I Ex

and

.I vi

run the same code; it is possible to get to

the command mode of

.I ex

from within

.I vi

and vice-versa.

.PP

The

.I view

command is identical to

.I vi

except that files are opened read-only.

The

.I vedit

command is also identical,

but sets some options to values more useful for novices.

.PP

The following options are accepted:

.TP

\fB\-c\fP\fI\ command\fP or \fB+\fP\fIcommand\fP

Execute

.I command

when editing begins.

.TP

.B \-l

Start in a special mode useful for the

.I Lisp

programming language.

.TP

\fB\-r\fI\ [filename]\fR or \fB\-L\fR

When no argument is supplied with this option,

all files to be recovered are listed

and the editor exits immediately.

If a

.I filename

is specified,

the corresponding temporary file is opened in recovery mode.

.TP

.B \-R

Files are opened read-only when this option is given.

.TP

.BR \-s \ or\  \-

Script mode;

all feedback for interactive editing is disabled.

.SM EXINIT

and

.I .exrc

files are not processed.

.TP

.BI \-t \ tagstring

Read the

.I tags

file,

then choose the file and position specified by

.I tagstring

for editing.

.TP

.B \-V

Echo command input to standard error,

unless it originates from a terminal.

.TP

.BI \-w \ size

Specify the size of the editing window for visual mode.

.PP

The

.I "Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"

provides full details on using

.I vi.

.PP

Most of the

.I ex

commands are available in

.I visual

mode when prefixed by a

.B :

character. See

.BR ex (1)

for a description of them.

.\"	from vi.chars	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93

.PP

The following gives the uses the editor makes of each character.  The

characters are presented in their order in the \s-1ASCII\s0 character

set:  Control characters come first, then most special characters, then

the digits, upper and then lower case characters.

.PP

For each character we tell a meaning it has as a command and any meaning it

has during an insert.

If it has only meaning as a command, then only this is discussed.

Section numbers in parentheses indicate where the character is discussed

in \*(lqAn Introduction to Display Editing with Vi\*(rq;

a `f' after the section number means that the character is mentioned

in a footnote.

.TP

\fB^@\fR

Not a command character.

If typed as the first character of an insertion it is replaced with the

last text inserted, and the insert terminates.  Only 128 characters are

saved from the last insert; if more characters were inserted the mechanism

is not available.

A \fB^@\fR cannot be part of the file due to the editor implementation

(7.5f).

.TP

\fB^A\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB^B\fR

Backward window.

A count specifies repetition.

Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).

.TP

\fB^C\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB^D\fR

As a command, scrolls down a half-window of text.  

A count gives the number of (logical) lines to scroll, and is remembered

for future \fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR commands (2.1, 7.2).

During an insert, backtabs over \fIautoindent\fR white space at the beginning

of a line (6.6, 7.5); this white space cannot be backspaced over.

.TP

\fB^E\fR

Exposes one more line below the current screen in the file, leaving

the cursor where it is if possible.

.TP

\fB^F\fR

Forward window.  A count specifies repetition.

Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2).

.TP

\fB^G\fR

Equivalent to \fB:f\fR\s-1CR\s0, printing the current file, whether

it has been modified, the current line number and the number of lines

in the file, and the percentage of the way through the file.

.TP

\fB^H (\fR\s-1BS\s0\fB)\fR

Same as

.BR "left arrow" .

(See

.BR h ).

During an insert, eliminates the last input character, backing over it

but not erasing it; it remains so the user can see what he typed if he

wishes to type something only slightly different (3.1, 7.5).

.TP

\fB^I\ (\fR\s-1TAB\s0\fB)\fR

Not a command character.

When inserted it prints as some

number of spaces.

When the cursor is at a tab character it rests at the last of the spaces

which represent the tab.

The spacing of tabstops is controlled by the \fItabstop\fR option (4.1, 6.6).

.TP

\fB^J\ (\fR\s-1LF\s0\fB)\fR

Same as

.B "down arrow"

(see

.BR j ).

.TP

\fB^K\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB^L\fR

The \s-1ASCII\s0 formfeed character, this causes the screen to be cleared

and redrawn.  This is useful after a transmission error, if characters

typed by a program other than the editor scramble the screen,

or after output is stopped by an interrupt (5.4, 7.2f).

.TP

\fB^M\ (\fR\s-1CR\s0\fB)\fR

A carriage return advances to the next line, at the first non-white position

in the line.  Given a count, it advances that many lines (2.3).

During an insert, a \s-1CR\s0 causes the insert to continue onto

another line (3.1).

.TP

\fB^N\fR

Same as

.B "down arrow"

(see

.BR j ).

.TP

\fB^O\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB^P\fR

Same as

.B "up arrow"

(see

.BR k ).

.TP

\fB^Q\fR

Not a command character.

In input mode,

.B ^Q

quotes the next character, the same as

.B ^V ,

except that some teletype drivers will eat the

.B ^Q

so that the editor never sees it.

.TP

\fB^R\fR

Redraws the current screen, eliminating logical lines not corresponding

to physical lines (lines with only a single @ character on them).

On hardcopy terminals in \fIopen\fR mode, retypes the current line

(5.4, 7.2, 7.8).

.TP

\fB^S\fR

Unused.  Some teletype drivers use

.B ^S

to suspend output until

.B ^Q is pressed.

.TP

\fB^T\fR

Not a command character.

During an insert, with \fIautoindent\fR set and at the beginning of the

line, inserts \fIshiftwidth\fR white space.

.TP

\fB^U\fR

Scrolls the screen up, inverting \fB^D\fR which scrolls down.  Counts work as

they do for \fB^D\fR, and the previous scroll amount is common to both.

On a dumb terminal, \fB^U\fR will often necessitate clearing and redrawing

the screen further back in the file (2.1, 7.2).

.TP

\fB^V\fR

Not a command character.

In input mode, quotes the next character so that it is possible

to insert non-printing and special characters into the file (4.2, 7.5).

.TP

\fB^W\fR

Not a command character.

During an insert, backs up as \fBb\fR would in command mode; the deleted

characters remain on the display (see \fB^H\fR) (7.5).

.TP

\fB^X\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB^Y\fR

Exposes one more line above the current screen, leaving the cursor where

it is if possible.  (No mnemonic value for this key; however, it is next

to \fB^U\fR which scrolls up a bunch.)

.TP

\fB^Z\fR

If supported by the Unix system,

stops the editor, exiting to the top level shell.

Same as \fB:stop\fP\s-1CR\s0.

Otherwise, unused.

.TP

\fB^[\ (\fR\s-1ESC\s0\fB)\fR

Cancels a partially formed command, such as a \fBz\fR when no following

character has yet been given; terminates inputs on the last line (read

by commands such as \fB: /\fR and \fB?\fR); ends insertions of new text

into the buffer.

If an \s-1ESC\s0 is given when quiescent in command state, the editor

rings the bell or flashes the screen.  The user can thus hit \s-1ESC\s0 if

he doesn't know what is happening till the editor rings the bell.

If the user doesn't know whether he is in insert mode

he can type \s-1ESC\s0\fBa\fR,

and then material to be input; the material will be inserted correctly

whether or not he was in insert mode when he started (1.6, 3.1, 7.5).

.TP

\fB^\e\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB^]\fR

Searches for the word which is after the cursor as a tag.  Equivalent

to typing \fB:ta\fR, this word, and then a \s-1CR\s0.

Mnemonically, this command is \*(lq right to\*(rq (7.3).

.TP

\fB^^\fR

Equivalent to \fB:e #\fR\s-1CR\s0, returning to the previous position

in the last edited file, or editing a file which the user specified if he

got a `No write since last change diagnostic' and does not want to have

to type the file name again (7.3).

(The user has to do a \fB:w\fR before \fB^^\fR

will work in this case.  If he does not wish to write the file he should

do \fB:e!\ #\fR\s-1CR\s0 instead.)

.TP

\fB^_\fR

Unused.

Reserved as the command character for the

Tektronix 4025 and 4027 terminal.

.TP

\fB\fR\s-1SPACE\s0\fB\fR

Same as

.B "right arrow"

(see

.BR l ).

.TP

\fB!\fR

An operator, which processes lines from the buffer with reformatting commands.

Follow \fB!\fR with the object to be processed, and then the command name

terminated by \s-1CR\s0.  Doubling \fB!\fR and preceding it by a count

causes count lines to be filtered; otherwise the count

is passed on to the object after the \fB!\fR.  Thus \fB2!}\fR\fIfmt\fR\s-1CR\s0

reformats the next two paragraphs by running them through the program

\fIfmt\fR.  If working on \s-1LISP\s0,

the command \fB!%\fR\fIgrind\fR\s-1CR\s0,

.\"*

.\".FS

.\"*Both

.\".I fmt

.\"and

.\".I grind

.\"are Berkeley programs and may not be present at all installations.

.\".FE

given at the beginning of a

function, will run the text of the function through the \s-1LISP\s0 grinder

(6.7, 7.3).

To read a file or the output of a command into the buffer \fB:r\fR (7.3)

can be used.

To simply execute a command, \fB:!\fR (7.3).

.tr "

.iP  15

Precedes a named buffer specification.  There are named buffers \fB1\-9\fR

used for saving deleted text and named buffers \fBa\-z\fR into which the

user can place text (4.3, 6.3)

.tr 

.TP

\fB#\fR

The macro character which, when followed by a number, will substitute

for a function key on terminals without function keys (6.9).

In input mode, 

if this is the erase character, it will delete the last character

typed in input mode, and must be preceded with a \fB\e\fR to insert

it, since it normally backs over the last input character.

.TP

\fB$\fR

Moves to the end of the current line.  If the \fBlist\fR option is set,

then the end of each line will be shown by printing a \fB$\fR after the

end of the displayed text in the line.  Given a count, advances to the

count'th following end of line; thus \fB2$\fR advances to the end of the

following line.

.TP

\fB%\fR

Moves to the parenthesis or brace \fB{ }\fR which balances the parenthesis

or brace at the current cursor position.

.TP

\fB&\fR

A synonym for \fB:&\fR\s-1CR\s0, by analogy with the

.I ex

.B &

command.

.TP

\fB\(aa\fR

When followed by a \fB\(aa\fR returns to the previous context at the

beginning of a line.  The previous context is set whenever the current

line is moved in a non-relative way.

When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the line which

was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command, at the first non-white

character in the line. (2.2, 5.3).

When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place

over complete lines; if \fB\(ga\fR is used, the operation takes place

from the exact marked place to the current cursor position within the

line.

.TP

\fB(\fR

Retreats to the beginning of a

sentence, or to the beginning of a \s-1LISP\s0 s-expression

if the \fIlisp\fR option is set.

A sentence ends at a \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR which is followed by either

the end of a line or by two spaces.  Any number of closing \fB) ] "\fR

and \fB\(aa\fR characters may appear after the \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR,

and before the spaces or end of line.  Sentences also begin

at paragraph and section boundaries

(see \fB{\fR and \fB[[\fR below).

A count advances that many sentences (4.2, 6.8).

.TP

\fB)\fR

Advances to the beginning of a sentence.

A count repeats the effect.

See \fB(\fR above for the definition of a sentence (4.2, 6.8).

.TP

\fB*\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB+\fR

Same as \s-1CR\s0 when used as a command.

.TP

\fB,\fR

Reverse of the last \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR command, looking the other way

in the current line.  Especially useful after hitting too many \fB;\fR

characters.  A count repeats the search.

.TP

\fB\-\fR

Retreats to the previous line at the first non-white character.

This is the inverse of \fB+\fR and \s-1RETURN\s0.

If the line moved to is not on the screen, the screen is scrolled, or

cleared and redrawn if this is not possible.

If a large amount of scrolling would be required the screen is also cleared

and redrawn, with the current line at the center (2.3).

.TP

\fB\&.\fR

Repeats the last command which changed the buffer.  Especially useful

when deleting words or lines; the user can delete some words/lines and then

hit \fB.\fR to delete more and more words/lines.

Given a count, it passes it on to the command being repeated.  Thus after

a \fB2dw\fR, \fB3.\fR deletes three words (3.3, 6.3, 7.2, 7.4).

.TP

\fB/\fR

Reads a string from the last line on the screen, and scans forward for

the next occurrence of this string.  The normal input editing sequences may

be used during the input on the bottom line; an returns to command state

without ever searching.

The search begins when the user hits \s-1CR\s0 to terminate the pattern;

the cursor moves to the beginning of the last line to indicate that the search

is in progress; the search may then

be terminated with a \s-1DEL\s0 or \s-1RUB\s0, or by backspacing when

at the beginning of the bottom line, returning the cursor to

its initial position.

Searches normally wrap end-around to find a string

anywhere in the buffer.

.IP

When used with an operator the enclosed region is normally affected.

By mentioning an

offset from the line matched by the pattern the user can force whole lines

to be affected.  To do this a pattern with a closing

a closing \fB/\fR and then an offset \fB+\fR\fIn\fR or \fB\-\fR\fIn\fR

must be given.

.IP

To include the character \fB/\fR in the search string, it must be escaped

with a preceding \fB\e\fR.

A \fB^\fR at the beginning of the pattern forces the match to occur

at the beginning of a line only; this speeds the search.  A \fB$\fR at

the end of the pattern forces the match to occur at the end of a line

only.

More extended pattern matching is available, see section 7.4;

unless \fBnomagic\fR ist set in the \fI\&.exrc\fR file the user will have

to preceed the characters \fB. [ *\fR and \fB~\fR in the search pattern

with a \fB\e\fR to get them to work as one would naively expect (1.6, 2.2,

6.1, 7.2, 7.4).

.TP

\fB0\fR

Moves to the first character on the current line.

Also used, in forming numbers, after an initial \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR.

.TP

\fB1\-9\fR

Used to form numeric arguments to commands (2.3, 7.2).

.TP

\fB:\fR

A prefix to a set of commands for file and option manipulation and escapes

to the system.  Input is given on the bottom line and terminated with

an \s-1CR\s0, and the command then executed.  The user can return to where

he was by hitting \s-1DEL\s0 or \s-1RUB\s0 if he hit \fB:\fR accidentally

(see 

.BR ex (1)

and primarily 6.2 and 7.3).

.TP

\fB;\fR

Repeats the last single character find which used \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR.

A count iterates the basic scan (4.1).

.TP

\fB<\fR

An operator which shifts lines left one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8

spaces.  Like all operators, affects lines when repeated, as in

\fB<<\fR.  Counts are passed through to the basic object, thus \fB3<<\fR

shifts three lines (6.6, 7.2).

.TP

\fB=\fR

Reindents line for \s-1LISP\s0, as though they were typed in with \fIlisp\fR

and \fIautoindent\fR set (6.8).

.TP

\fB>\fR

An operator which shifts lines right one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8

spaces.  Affects lines when repeated as in \fB>>\fR.  Counts repeat the

basic object (6.6, 7.2).

.TP

\fB?\fR

Scans backwards, the opposite of \fB/\fR.  See the \fB/\fR description

above for details on scanning (2.2, 6.1, 7.4).

.TP

\fB@\fR

A macro character (6.9).  If this is the kill character, it must be escaped

with a \e

to type it in during input mode, as it normally backs over the input

given on the current line (3.1, 3.4, 7.5).

.TP

\fBA\fR

Appends at the end of line, a synonym for \fB$a\fR (7.2).

.TP

\fBB\fR

Backs up a word, where words are composed of non-blank sequences, placing

the cursor at the beginning of the word.  A count repeats the effect

(2.4).

.TP

\fBC\fR

Changes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBc$\fR.

.TP

\fBD\fR

Deletes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBd$\fR.

.TP

\fBE\fR

Moves forward to the end of a word, defined as blanks and non-blanks,

like \fBB\fR and \fBW\fR.  A count repeats the effect.

.TP

\fBF\fR

Finds a single following character, backwards in the current line.

A count repeats this search that many times (4.1).

.TP

\fBG\fR

Goes to the line number given as preceding argument, or the end of the

file if no preceding count is given.  The screen is redrawn with the

new current line in the center if necessary (7.2).

.TP

\fBH\fR

.BR "Home arrow" .

Homes the cursor to the top line on the screen.  If a count is given,

then the cursor is moved to the count'th line on the screen.

In any case the cursor is moved to the first non-white character on the

line.  If used as the target of an operator, full lines are affected

(2.3, 3.2).

.TP

\fBI\fR

Inserts at the beginning of a line; a synonym for \fB^i\fR.

.TP

\fBJ\fR

Joins together lines, supplying appropriate white space: one space between

words, two spaces after a \fB.\fR, and no spaces at all if the first

character of the joined on line is \fB)\fR.  A count causes that many

lines to be joined rather than the default two (6.5, 7.1f).

.TP

\fBK\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fBL\fR

Moves the cursor to the first non-white character of the last line on

the screen.  With a count, to the first non-white of the count'th line

from the bottom.  Operators affect whole lines when used with \fBL\fR

(2.3).

.TP

\fBM\fR

Moves the cursor to the middle line on the screen, at the first non-white

position on the line (2.3).

.TP

\fBN\fR

Scans for the next match of the last pattern given to

\fB/\fR or \fB?\fR, but in the reverse direction; this is the reverse

of \fBn\fR.

.TP

\fBO\fR

Opens a new line above the current line and inputs text there up to an

\s-1ESC\s0.  A count can be used on dumb terminals to specify a number

of lines to be opened; this is generally obsolete, as the \fIslowopen\fR

option works better (3.1).

.TP

\fBP\fR

Puts the last deleted text back before/above the cursor.  The text goes

back as whole lines above the cursor if it was deleted as whole lines.

Otherwise the text is inserted between the characters before and at the

cursor.  May be preceded by a named buffer specification \fB"\fR\fIx\fR

to retrieve the contents of the buffer; buffers \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR contain

deleted material, buffers \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR are available for general

use (6.3).

.TP

\fBQ\fR

Quits from \fIvi\fR to \fIex\fR command mode.  In this mode, whole lines

form commands, ending with a \s-1RETURN\s0.  One can give all the \fB:\fR

commands; the editor supplies the \fB:\fR as a prompt (7.7).

.TP

\fBR\fR

Replaces characters on the screen with characters typed (overlay fashion).

Terminates with an \s-1ESC\s0.

.TP

\fBS\fR

Changes whole lines, a synonym for \fBcc\fR.  A count substitutes for

that many lines.  The lines are saved in the numeric buffers, and erased

on the screen before the substitution begins.

.TP

\fBT\fR

Takes a single following character, locates the character before the

cursor in the current line, and places the cursor just after that character.

A count repeats the effect.  Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR

(4.1).

.TP

\fBU\fR

Restores the current line to its state before the user started changing it

(3.5).

.TP

\fBV\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fBW\fR

Moves forward to the beginning of a word in the current line,

where words are defined as sequences of blank/non-blank characters.

A count repeats the effect (2.4).

.TP

\fBX\fR

Deletes the character before the cursor.  A count repeats the effect,

but only characters on the current line are deleted.

.TP

\fBY\fR

Yanks a copy of the current line into the unnamed buffer, to be put back

by a later \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR; a very useful synonym for \fByy\fR. 

A count yanks that many lines.  May be preceded by a buffer name to put

lines in that buffer (7.4).

.TP

\fBZZ\fR

Exits the editor.

(Same as \fB:x\fP\s-1CR\s0.)

If any changes have been made, the buffer is written out to the current file.

Then the editor quits.

.TP

\fB[[\fR

Backs up to the previous section boundary.  A section begins at each

macro in the \fIsections\fR option,

normally a `.NH' or `.SH' and also at lines which which start

with a formfeed \fB^L\fR.  Lines beginning with \fB{\fR also stop \fB[[\fR;

this makes it useful for looking backwards, a function at a time, in C

programs.  If the option \fIlisp\fR is set, stops at each \fB(\fR at the

beginning of a line, and is thus useful for moving backwards at the top

level \s-1LISP\s0 objects. (4.2, 6.1, 6.6, 7.2).

.TP

\fB\e\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB]]\fR

Forward to a section boundary, see \fB[[\fR for a definition (4.2, 6.1,

6.6, 7.2).

.TP

\fB^\fR

Moves to the first non-white position on the current line (4.4).

.TP

\fB_\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fB\(ga\fR

When followed by a \fB\(ga\fR returns to the previous context.

The previous context is set whenever the current

line is moved in a non-relative way.

When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the position which

was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command.

When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place

from the exact marked place to the current position within the line;

if using \fB\(aa\fR, the operation takes place over complete lines

(2.2, 5.3).

.TP

\fBa\fR

Appends arbitrary text after the current cursor position; the insert

can continue onto multiple lines by using \s-1RETURN\s0 within the insert.

A count causes the inserted text to be replicated, but only if the inserted

text is all on one line.

The insertion terminates with an \s-1ESC\s0 (3.1, 7.2).

.TP

\fBb\fR

Backs up to the beginning of a word in the current line.  A word is a

sequence of alphanumerics, or a sequence of special characters.

A count repeats the effect (2.4).

.TP

\fBc\fR

An operator which changes the following object, replacing it with the

following input text up to an \s-1ESC\s0.  If more than part of a single

line is affected, the text which is changed away is saved in the numeric named

buffers.  If only part of the current line is affected, then the last

character to be changed away is marked with a \fB$\fR.

A count causes that many objects to be affected, thus both

\fB3c)\fR and \fBc3)\fR change the following three sentences (7.4).

.TP

\fBd\fR

An operator which deletes the following object.  If more than part of

a line is affected, the text is saved in the numeric buffers.

A count causes that many objects to be affected; thus \fB3dw\fR is the

same as \fBd3w\fR (3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 7.4).

.TP

\fBe\fR

Advances to the end of the next word, defined as for \fBb\fR and \fBw\fR.

A count repeats the effect (2.4, 3.1).

.TP

\fBf\fR

Finds the first instance of the next character following the cursor on

the current line.  A count repeats the find (4.1).

.TP

\fBg\fR

Unused.

.sp

Arrow keys

.BR h ,

.BR j ,

.BR k ,

.BR l ,

and

.BR H .

.TP

\fBh\fR

.B "Left arrow" .

Moves the cursor one character to the left.

Like the other arrow keys, either

.BR h ,

the

.B "left arrow"

key, or one of the synonyms (\fB^H\fP) has the same effect.

A count repeats the effect (3.1, 7.5).

.TP

\fBi\fR

Inserts text before the cursor, otherwise like \fBa\fR (7.2).

.TP

\fBj\fR

.B "Down arrow" .

Moves the cursor one line down in the same column.

If the position does not exist,

.I vi

comes as close as possible to the same column.

Synonyms include

.B ^J

(linefeed) and

.B ^N .

.TP

\fBk\fR

.B "Up arrow" .

Moves the cursor one line up.

.B ^P

is a synonym.

.TP

\fBl\fR

.B "Right arrow" .

Moves the cursor one character to the right.

\s-1SPACE\s0 is a synonym.

.TP

\fBm\fR

Marks the current position of the cursor in the mark register which is

specified by the next character \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR.  The user can return

to this position or use it with an operator

using \fB\(ga\fR or \fB\(aa\fR (5.3).

.TP

\fBn\fR

Repeats the last \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR scanning commands (2.2).

.TP

\fBo\fR

Opens new lines below the current line; otherwise like \fBO\fR (3.1).

.TP

\fBp\fR

Puts text after/below the cursor; otherwise like \fBP\fR (6.3).

.TP

\fBq\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fBr\fR

Replaces the single character at the cursor with a single character typed.

The new character may be a \s-1RETURN\s0; this is the easiest

way to split lines.  A count replaces each of the following count characters

with the single character given; see \fBR\fR above which is the more

usually useful iteration of \fBr\fR (3.2).

.TP

\fBs\fR

Changes the single character under the cursor to the text which follows

up to an \s-1ESC\s0; given a count, that many characters from the current

line are changed.  The last character to be changed is marked with \fB$\fR

as in \fBc\fR (3.2).

.TP

\fBt\fR

Advances the cursor upto the character before the next character typed.

Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR and \fBc\fR to delete the

characters up to a following character.  One can use \fB.\fR to delete

more if this doesn't delete enough the first time (4.1).

.TP

\fBu\fR

Undoes the last change made to the current buffer.  If repeated, will

alternate between these two states, thus is its own inverse. When used

after an insert which inserted text on more than one line, the lines are

saved in the numeric named buffers (3.5).

.TP

\fBv\fR

Unused.

.TP

\fBw\fR

Advances to the beginning of the next word, as defined by \fBb\fR (2.4).

.TP

\fBx\fR

Deletes the single character under the cursor.  With a count deletes

deletes that many characters forward from the cursor position, but only

on the current line (6.5).

.TP

\fBy\fR

An operator, yanks the following object into the unnamed temporary buffer.

If preceded by a named buffer specification, \fB"\fR\fIx\fR, the text

is placed in that buffer also.  Text can be recovered by a later \fBp\fR

or \fBP\fR (7.4).

.TP

\fBz\fR

Redraws the screen with the current line placed as specified by the following

character: \s-1RETURN\s0 specifies the top of the screen, \fB.\fR the

center of the screen, and \fB\-\fR at the bottom of the screen.

A count may be given after the \fBz\fR and before the following character

to specify the new screen size for the redraw.

A count before the \fBz\fR gives the number of the line to place in the

center of the screen instead of the default current line. (5.4)

.TP

\fB{\fR

Retreats to the beginning of the beginning of the preceding paragraph.

A paragraph begins at each macro in the \fIparagraphs\fR option, normally

`.IP', `.LP', `.PP', `.QP' and `.bp'.

A paragraph also begins after a completely

empty line, and at each section boundary (see \fB[[\fR above) (4.2, 6.8,

7.6).

.TP

\fB|\fR

Places the cursor on the character in the column specified

by the count (7.1, 7.2).

.TP

\fB}\fR

Advances to the beginning of the next paragraph.  See \fB{\fR for the

definition of paragraph (4.2, 6.8, 7.6).

.TP

\fB~\fR

Switches the case of the given count of characters

starting from the current cursor position to the end of the current line.

Non-alphabetic characters remain unchanged.

.TP

\fB^?\ (\s-1\fRDEL\fB\s0)\fR

Interrupts the editor, returning it to command accepting state (1.6,

7.5).

.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"

.PP

The following environment variables affect the behaviour of vi:

.TP

.B COLUMNS

Overrides the system-supplied number of terminal columns.

.TP

.B EXINIT

Contains commands to execute at editor startup.

If this variable is present, the

.I .exrc

file in the user's home directory is ignored.

.TP

.B HOME

Used to locate the editor startup file.

.TP

.BR LANG ", " LC_ALL

See

.IR locale (7).

.TP

.B LC_CTYPE

Determines the mapping of bytes to characters,

types of characters,

case conversion

and composition of character classes in regular expressions.

.TP

.B LC_MESSAGES

Sets the language used for diagnostic and informal messages.

.TP

.B LINES

Overrides the system-supplied number of terminal lines.

.TP

.B NLSPATH

See

.IR catopen (3).

.TP

.B SHELL

The program file used to execute external commands.

.TP

.B TERM

Determines the terminal type.

.SH FILES

.TP

.B /usr/libexec/expreserve

preserve command

.TP

.B /usr/libexec/exrecover

recover command

.TP

.B /etc/termcap

describes capabilities of terminals

.TP

.B $HOME/.exrc

editor startup file

.TP

.B /var/tmp/Ex\fInnnnnnnnnn\fP

editor temporary

.TP

.B /var/tmp/Rx\fInnnnnnnnnn\fP

named buffer temporary

.TP

.B /var/preserve

preservation directory

.SH SEE ALSO

ex(1),

edit(1),

\*(lqVi Quick Reference\*(rq card,

\*(lqAn Introduction to Display Editing with Vi\*(rq.