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/***** spin: pangen2.c *****/

/* Copyright (c) 1989-2009 by Lucent Technologies, Bell Laboratories.     */
/* All Rights Reserved.  This software is for educational purposes only.  */
/* No guarantee whatsoever is expressed or implied by the distribution of */
/* this code.  Permission is given to distribute this code provided that  */
/* this introductory message is not removed and no monies are exchanged.  */
/* Software written by Gerard J. Holzmann.  For tool documentation see:   */
/*             http://spinroot.com/                                       */
/* Send all bug-reports and/or questions to: bugs@spinroot.com            */
/* (c) 2007: small additions for V5.0 to support multi-core verifications */

#include "spin.h"
#include "version.h"
#include "y.tab.h"
#include "pangen2.h"
#include "pangen4.h"
#include "pangen5.h"

#define DELTA   500     /* sets an upperbound on nr of chan names */

#define blurb(fd, e)    { fprintf(fd, "\n"); if (!merger) fprintf(fd, "\t\t/* %s:%d */\n", \
                                e->n->fn->name, e->n->ln); }
#define tr_map(m, e)    { if (!merger) fprintf(tt, "\t\ttr_2_src(%d, \"%s\", %d);\n", \
                                m, e->n->fn->name, e->n->ln); }

extern ProcList *rdy;
extern RunList  *run;
extern Symbol   *Fname, *oFname, *context;
extern char     *claimproc, *eventmap;
extern int      lineno, verbose, Npars, Mpars, nclaims;
extern int      m_loss, has_remote, has_remvar, merger, rvopt, separate;
extern int      Ntimeouts, Etimeouts, deadvar, old_scope_rules;
extern int      u_sync, u_async, nrRdy, Unique;
extern int      GenCode, IsGuard, Level, TestOnly;
extern short    has_stack;
extern char     *NextLab[];

FILE    *tc, *th, *tt, *tb;
static FILE     *tm;

int     OkBreak = -1, has_hidden = 0; /* has_hidden set in sym.c and structs.c */
short   nocast=0;       /* to turn off casts in lvalues */
short   terse=0;        /* terse printing of varnames */
short   no_arrays=0;
short   has_last=0;     /* spec refers to _last */
short   has_badelse=0;  /* spec contains else combined with chan refs */
short   has_enabled=0;  /* spec contains enabled() */
short   has_pcvalue=0;  /* spec contains pc_value() */
short   has_np=0;       /* spec contains np_ */
short   has_sorted=0;   /* spec contains `!!' (sorted-send) operator */
short   has_random=0;   /* spec contains `??' (random-recv) operator */
short   has_xu=0;       /* spec contains xr or xs assertions */
short   has_unless=0;   /* spec contains unless statements */
short   has_provided=0; /* spec contains PROVIDED clauses on procs */
short   has_code=0;     /* spec contains c_code, c_expr, c_state */
short   evalindex=0;    /* evaluate index of var names */
int     mst=0;          /* max nr of state/process */
int     claimnr = -1;   /* claim process, if any */
int     eventmapnr = -1; /* event trace, if any */
int     Pid;            /* proc currently processed */
int     multi_oval;     /* set in merges, used also in pangen4.c */

#define MAXMERGE        256     /* max nr of bups per merge sequence */

static short    CnT[MAXMERGE];
static Lextok   XZ, YZ[MAXMERGE];
static int      didcase, YZmax, YZcnt;

static Lextok   *Nn[2];
static int      Det;    /* set if deterministic */
static int      T_sum, T_mus, t_cyc;
static int      TPE[2], EPT[2];
static int      uniq=1;
static int      multi_needed, multi_undo;
static short    AllGlobal=0;    /* set if process has provided clause */
static short    withprocname=0; /* prefix local varnames with procname */
static short    _isok=0;        /* checks usage of predefined variable _ */

int     has_global(Lextok *);
void    Fatal(char *, char *);
static int      getweight(Lextok *);
static int      scan_seq(Sequence *);
static void     genconditionals(void);
static void     mark_seq(Sequence *);
static void     patch_atomic(Sequence *);
static void     put_seq(Sequence *, int, int);
static void     putproc(ProcList *);
static void     Tpe(Lextok *);
extern void     spit_recvs(FILE *, FILE*);

static int
fproc(char *s)
{       ProcList *p;

        for (p = rdy; p; p = p->nxt)
                if (strcmp(p->n->name, s) == 0)
                        return p->tn;

        fatal("proctype %s not found", s);
        return -1;
}

int
pid_is_claim(int p)     /* Pid (p->tn) to type (p->b) */
{       ProcList *r;

        for (r = rdy; r; r = r->nxt)
        {       if (r->tn == p) return (r->b == N_CLAIM);
        }
        printf("spin: error, cannot find pid %d\n", p);
        return 0;
}

static void
reverse_procs(RunList *q)
{
        if (!q) return;
        reverse_procs(q->nxt);
        fprintf(tc, "           Addproc(%d);\n", q->tn);
}

static void
forward_procs(RunList *q)
{
        if (!q) return;
        fprintf(tc, "           Addproc(%d);\n", q->tn);
        forward_procs(q->nxt);
}

static void
tm_predef_np(void)
{
        fprintf(th, "#define _T5        %d\n", uniq++);
        fprintf(th, "#define _T2        %d\n", uniq++);

        if (Unique < (1 << (8*sizeof(unsigned char)) )) /* was uniq before */
        {       fprintf(th, "#define T_ID       unsigned char\n");
        } else if (Unique < (1 << (8*sizeof(unsigned short)) ))
        {       fprintf(th, "#define T_ID       unsigned short\n");
        } else
        {       fprintf(th, "#define T_ID       unsigned int\n");
        }

        fprintf(tm, "\tcase  _T5:\t/* np_ */\n");

        if (separate == 2)
        fprintf(tm, "\t\tif (!((!(o_pm&4) && !(tau&128))))\n");
        else
        fprintf(tm, "\t\tif (!((!(trpt->o_pm&4) && !(trpt->tau&128))))\n");

        fprintf(tm, "\t\t\tcontinue;\n");
        fprintf(tm, "\t\t/* else fall through */\n");
        fprintf(tm, "\tcase  _T2:\t/* true */\n");
        fprintf(tm, "\t\t_m = 3; goto P999;\n");
}

static void
tt_predef_np(void)
{
        fprintf(tt, "\t/* np_ demon: */\n");
        fprintf(tt, "\ttrans[_NP_] = ");
        fprintf(tt, "(Trans **) emalloc(2*sizeof(Trans *));\n");
        fprintf(tt, "\tT = trans[_NP_][0] = ");
        fprintf(tt, "settr(9997,0,1,_T5,0,\"(np_)\", 1,2,0);\n");
        fprintf(tt, "\t    T->nxt         = ");
        fprintf(tt, "settr(9998,0,0,_T2,0,\"(1)\",   0,2,0);\n");
        fprintf(tt, "\tT = trans[_NP_][1] = ");
        fprintf(tt, "settr(9999,0,1,_T5,0,\"(np_)\", 1,2,0);\n");
}

static struct {
        char *nm[3];
} Cfile[] = {
        { { "pan.c", "pan_s.c", "pan_t.c" } },
        { { "pan.h", "pan_s.h", "pan_t.h" } },
        { { "pan.t", "pan_s.t", "pan_t.t" } },
        { { "pan.m", "pan_s.m", "pan_t.m" } },
        { { "pan.b", "pan_s.b", "pan_t.b" } }
};

void
gensrc(void)
{       ProcList *p;
        int i;

        disambiguate();         /* avoid name-clashes between scopes */

        if (!(tc = fopen(Cfile[0].nm[separate], MFLAGS))                /* main routines */
        ||  !(th = fopen(Cfile[1].nm[separate], MFLAGS))                /* header file   */
        ||  !(tt = fopen(Cfile[2].nm[separate], MFLAGS))                /* transition matrix */
        ||  !(tm = fopen(Cfile[3].nm[separate], MFLAGS))                /* forward  moves */
        ||  !(tb = fopen(Cfile[4].nm[separate], MFLAGS)))       /* backward moves */
        {       printf("spin: cannot create pan.[chtmfb]\n");
                alldone(1);
        }

        fprintf(th, "#define SpinVersion        \"%s\"\n", SpinVersion);
        fprintf(th, "#define PanSource  \"");
        for (i = 0; oFname->name[i] != '\0'; i++)
        {       char c = oFname->name[i];
                if (c == '\\' || c == ' ') /* Windows path */
                {       fprintf(th, "\\");
                }
                fprintf(th, "%c", c);
        }
        fprintf(th, "\"\n\n");

        fprintf(th, "#define G_long     %d\n", (int) sizeof(long));
        fprintf(th, "#define G_int      %d\n", (int) sizeof(int));

        fprintf(th, "#ifdef WIN64\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define ONE_L   ((unsigned long) 1)\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define long    long long\n");
        fprintf(th, "#else\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define ONE_L   (1L)\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");

        if (separate != 2)
        {       fprintf(th, "char *TrailFile = PanSource; /* default */\n");
                fprintf(th, "char *trailfilename;\n");
        }

        fprintf(th, "#if defined(BFS)\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #ifndef SAFETY\n");
        fprintf(th, "           #define SAFETY\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #ifndef XUSAFE\n");
        fprintf(th, "           #define XUSAFE\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");

        fprintf(th, "#ifndef uchar\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define uchar   unsigned char\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#ifndef uint\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define uint    unsigned int\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");

        if (sizeof(void *) > 4) /* 64 bit machine */
        {       fprintf(th, "#if !defined(HASH32) && !defined(HASH64)\n");
                fprintf(th, "   #define HASH64\n");
                fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        }

        if (separate == 1 && !claimproc)
        {       Symbol *n = (Symbol *) emalloc(sizeof(Symbol));
                Sequence *s = (Sequence *) emalloc(sizeof(Sequence));
                claimproc = n->name = "_:never_template:_";
                ready(n, ZN, s, 0, ZN, N_CLAIM);
        }
        if (separate == 2)
        {       if (has_remote)
                {       printf("spin: warning, make sure that the S1 model\n");
                        printf("      includes the same remote references\n");
                }
                fprintf(th, "#ifndef NFAIR\n");
                fprintf(th, "#define NFAIR      2       /* must be >= 2 */\n");
                fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
                if (has_last)
                fprintf(th, "#define HAS_LAST   %d\n", has_last);
                goto doless;
        }

        fprintf(th, "#define DELTA      %d\n", DELTA);
        fprintf(th, "#ifdef MA\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #if NCORE>1 && !defined(SEP_STATE)\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define SEP_STATE\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#if MA==1\n"); /* user typed -DMA without size */
        fprintf(th, "   #undef MA\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define MA      100\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n#endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#ifdef W_XPT\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #if W_XPT==1\n"); /* user typed -DW_XPT without size */
        fprintf(th, "           #undef W_XPT\n");
        fprintf(th, "           #define W_XPT 1000000\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#ifndef NFAIR\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define NFAIR   2       /* must be >= 2 */\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        if (Ntimeouts)
        fprintf(th, "#define NTIM       %d\n", Ntimeouts);
        if (Etimeouts)
        fprintf(th, "#define ETIM       %d\n", Etimeouts);
        if (has_remvar)
        fprintf(th, "#define REM_VARS   1\n");
        if (has_remote)
        fprintf(th, "#define REM_REFS   %d\n", has_remote); /* not yet used */
        if (has_hidden)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_HIDDEN %d\n", has_hidden);
        if (has_last)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_LAST   %d\n", has_last);
        if (has_sorted)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_SORTED %d\n", has_sorted);
        if (m_loss)
        fprintf(th, "#define M_LOSS\n");
        if (has_random)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_RANDOM %d\n", has_random);
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_CODE\n");      /* doesn't seem to cause measurable overhead */
        fprintf(th, "#if defined(RANDSTORE) && !defined(RANDSTOR)\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define RANDSTOR        RANDSTORE\n"); /* xspin uses RANDSTORE... */
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        if (has_stack)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_STACK  %d\n", has_stack);
        if (has_enabled)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_ENABLED        1\n");
        if (has_unless)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_UNLESS %d\n", has_unless);
        if (has_provided)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_PROVIDED       %d\n", has_provided);
        if (has_pcvalue)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_PCVALUE        %d\n", has_pcvalue);
        if (has_badelse)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_BADELSE        %d\n", has_badelse);
        if (has_enabled
        ||  has_pcvalue
        ||  has_badelse
        ||  has_last)
        {       fprintf(th, "#ifndef NOREDUCE\n");
                fprintf(th, "   #define NOREDUCE        1\n");
                fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        }
        if (has_np)
        fprintf(th, "#define HAS_NP     %d\n", has_np);
        if (merger)
        fprintf(th, "#define MERGED     1\n");

doless:
        fprintf(th, "#if !defined(HAS_LAST) && defined(BCS)\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define HAS_LAST        1 /* use it, but */\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #ifndef STORE_LAST\n"); /* unless the user insists */
        fprintf(th, "           #define NO_LAST 1 /* dont store it */\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");

        fprintf(th, "#if defined(BCS) && defined(BITSTATE)\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #ifndef NO_CTX\n");
        fprintf(th, "           #define STORE_CTX       1\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #endif\n");
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");

        fprintf(th, "#ifdef NP\n");
        if (!has_np)
        fprintf(th, "   #define HAS_NP  2\n");
        fprintf(th, "   #define VERI    %d      /* np_ */\n",   nrRdy);
        fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        if (claimproc)
        {       claimnr = fproc(claimproc);     /* the default claim */
                fprintf(th, "#ifndef NOCLAIM\n");
                fprintf(th, "   #define NCLAIMS %d\n", nclaims);
                fprintf(th, "   #ifndef NP\n");
                fprintf(th, "           #define VERI    %d\n", claimnr);
                fprintf(th, "   #endif\n");
                fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
        }
        if (eventmap)
        {       eventmapnr = fproc(eventmap);
                fprintf(th, "#define EVENT_TRACE        %d\n",  eventmapnr);
                fprintf(th, "#define endevent   endstate%d\n",  eventmapnr);
                if (eventmap[2] == 'o') /* ":notrace:" */
                fprintf(th, "#define NEGATED_TRACE      1\n");
        }

        fprintf(th, "typedef struct S_F_MAP {\n");
        fprintf(th, "   char *fnm; int from; int upto;\n");
        fprintf(th, "} S_F_MAP;\n");

        fprintf(tc, "/*** Generated by %s ***/\n", SpinVersion);
        fprintf(tc, "/*** From source: %s ***/\n\n", oFname->name);

        ntimes(tc, 0, 1, Pre0);

        plunk_c_decls(tc);      /* types can be refered to in State */

        switch (separate) {
        case 0:  fprintf(tc, "#include \"pan.h\"\n"); break;
        case 1: fprintf(tc, "#include \"pan_s.h\"\n"); break;
        case 2: fprintf(tc, "#include \"pan_t.h\"\n"); break;
        }

        fprintf(tc, "#ifdef LOOPSTATE\n");
        fprintf(tc, "double cnt_loops;\n");
        fprintf(tc, "#endif\n");

        fprintf(tc, "State      A_Root; /* seed-state for cycles */\n");
        fprintf(tc, "State      now;    /* the full state-vector */\n");
        plunk_c_fcts(tc);       /* State can be used in fcts */

        if (separate != 2)
                ntimes(tc, 0, 1, Preamble);
        else
                fprintf(tc, "extern int verbose; extern long depth;\n");

        fprintf(tc, "#ifndef NOBOUNDCHECK\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   #define Index(x, y)\tBoundcheck(x, y, II, tt, t)\n");
        fprintf(tc, "#else\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   #define Index(x, y)\tx\n");
        fprintf(tc, "#endif\n");

        c_preview();    /* sets hastrack */

        for (p = rdy; p; p = p->nxt)
                mst = max(p->s->maxel, mst);

        if (separate != 2)
        {       fprintf(tt, "#ifdef PEG\n");
                fprintf(tt, "struct T_SRC {\n");
                fprintf(tt, "   char *fl; int ln;\n");
                fprintf(tt, "} T_SRC[NTRANS];\n\n");
                fprintf(tt, "void\ntr_2_src(int m, char *file, int ln)\n");
                fprintf(tt, "{  T_SRC[m].fl = file;\n");
                fprintf(tt, "   T_SRC[m].ln = ln;\n");
                fprintf(tt, "}\n\n");
                fprintf(tt, "void\nputpeg(int n, int m)\n");
                fprintf(tt, "{  printf(\"%%5d\ttrans %%4d \", m, n);\n");
                fprintf(tt, "   printf(\"%%s:%%d\\n\",\n");
                fprintf(tt, "           T_SRC[n].fl, T_SRC[n].ln);\n");
                fprintf(tt, "}\n");
                if (!merger)
                {       fprintf(tt, "#else\n");
                        fprintf(tt, "#define tr_2_src(m,f,l)\n");
                }
                fprintf(tt, "#endif\n\n");
                fprintf(tt, "void\nsettable(void)\n{\tTrans *T;\n");
                fprintf(tt, "\tTrans *settr(int, int, int, int, int,");
                fprintf(tt, " char *, int, int, int);\n\n");
                fprintf(tt, "\ttrans = (Trans ***) ");
                fprintf(tt, "emalloc(%d*sizeof(Trans **));\n", nrRdy+1);
                                /* +1 for np_ automaton */

                if (separate == 1)
                {
                fprintf(tm, "   if (II == 0)\n");
                fprintf(tm, "   { _m = step_claim(trpt->o_pm, trpt->tau, tt, ot, t);\n");
                fprintf(tm, "     if (_m) goto P999; else continue;\n");
                fprintf(tm, "   } else\n");
                }

                fprintf(tm, "#define rand       pan_rand\n");
                fprintf(tm, "#if defined(HAS_CODE) && defined(VERBOSE)\n");
                fprintf(tm, "   cpu_printf(\"Pr: %%d Tr: %%d\\n\", II, t->forw);\n");
                fprintf(tm, "#endif\n");
                fprintf(tm, "   switch (t->forw) {\n");
        } else
        {       fprintf(tt, "#ifndef PEG\n");
                fprintf(tt, "   #define tr_2_src(m,f,l)\n");
                fprintf(tt, "#endif\n");
                fprintf(tt, "void\nset_claim(void)\n{\tTrans *T;\n");
                fprintf(tt, "\textern Trans ***trans;\n");
                fprintf(tt, "\textern Trans *settr(int, int, int, int, int,");
                fprintf(tt, " char *, int, int, int);\n\n");

                fprintf(tm, "#define rand       pan_rand\n");
                fprintf(tm, "#if defined(HAS_CODE) && defined(VERBOSE)\n");
                fprintf(tm, "   cpu_printf(\"Pr: %%d Tr: %%d\\n\", II, forw);\n");
                fprintf(tm, "#endif\n");
                fprintf(tm, "   switch (forw) {\n");
        }

        fprintf(tm, "   default: Uerror(\"bad forward move\");\n");
        fprintf(tm, "   case 0: /* if without executable clauses */\n");
        fprintf(tm, "           continue;\n");
        fprintf(tm, "   case 1: /* generic 'goto' or 'skip' */\n");
        if (separate != 2)
                fprintf(tm, "           IfNotBlocked\n");
        fprintf(tm, "           _m = 3; goto P999;\n");
        fprintf(tm, "   case 2: /* generic 'else' */\n");
        if (separate == 2)
                fprintf(tm, "           if (o_pm&1) continue;\n");
        else
        {       fprintf(tm, "           IfNotBlocked\n");
                fprintf(tm, "           if (trpt->o_pm&1) continue;\n");
        }
        fprintf(tm, "           _m = 3; goto P999;\n");
        uniq = 3;

        if (separate == 1)
                fprintf(tb, "   if (II == 0) goto R999;\n");

        fprintf(tb, "   switch (t->back) {\n");
        fprintf(tb, "   default: Uerror(\"bad return move\");\n");
        fprintf(tb, "   case  0: goto R999; /* nothing to undo */\n");

        for (p = rdy; p; p = p->nxt)
        {       putproc(p);
        }

        if (separate != 2)
        {
                fprintf(th, "struct {\n");
                fprintf(th, "   int tp; short *src;\n");
                fprintf(th, "} src_all[] = {\n");
                for (p = rdy; p; p = p->nxt)
                        fprintf(th, "   { %d, &src_ln%d[0] },\n",
                                p->tn, p->tn);
                fprintf(th, "   { 0, (short *) 0 }\n");
                fprintf(th, "};\n");

                fprintf(th, "S_F_MAP *flref[] = {\n");  /* 5.3.0 */
                for (p = rdy; p; p = p->nxt)
                {       fprintf(th, "   src_file%d%c\n", p->tn, p->nxt?',':' ');
                }
                fprintf(th, "};\n");
        }

        gencodetable(th);

        if (separate != 1)
        {       tm_predef_np();
                tt_predef_np();
        }
        fprintf(tt, "}\n\n");   /* end of settable() */

        fprintf(tm, "#undef rand\n");
        fprintf(tm, "   }\n\n");
        fprintf(tb, "   }\n\n");

        if (separate != 2)
        {       ntimes(tt, 0, 1, Tail);
                genheader();
                if (separate == 1)
                {       fprintf(th, "#define FORWARD_MOVES\t\"pan_s.m\"\n");
                        fprintf(th, "#define REVERSE_MOVES\t\"pan_s.b\"\n");
                        fprintf(th, "#define SEPARATE\n");
                        fprintf(th, "#define TRANSITIONS\t\"pan_s.t\"\n");
                        fprintf(th, "extern void ini_claim(int, int);\n");
                } else
                {       fprintf(th, "#define FORWARD_MOVES\t\"pan.m\"\n");
                        fprintf(th, "#define REVERSE_MOVES\t\"pan.b\"\n");
                        fprintf(th, "#define TRANSITIONS\t\"pan.t\"\n");
                }
                genaddproc();
                genother();
                genaddqueue();
                genunio();
                genconditionals();
                gensvmap();
                if (!run) fatal("no runable process", (char *)0);
                fprintf(tc, "void\n");
                fprintf(tc, "active_procs(void)\n{\n");
#if 1
                fprintf(tc, "   if (!permuted) {\n");
                        reverse_procs(run);
                fprintf(tc, "   } else {\n");
                        forward_procs(run);
                fprintf(tc, "   }\n");
#else
                        reverse_procs(run);
#endif
                fprintf(tc, "}\n");
                ntimes(tc, 0, 1, Dfa);
                ntimes(tc, 0, 1, Xpt);

                fprintf(th, "#define NTRANS     %d\n", uniq);
                fprintf(th, "#ifdef PEG\n");
                fprintf(th, "   long peg[NTRANS];\n");
                fprintf(th, "#endif\n");
                fprintf(th, "void select_claim(int);\n");
                if (u_sync && !u_async)
                {       spit_recvs(th, tc);
                }
        } else
        {       genheader();
                fprintf(th, "#define FORWARD_MOVES\t\"pan_t.m\"\n");
                fprintf(th, "#define REVERSE_MOVES\t\"pan_t.b\"\n");
                fprintf(th, "#define TRANSITIONS\t\"pan_t.t\"\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern int Maxbody;\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#if VECTORSZ>32000\n");
                fprintf(tc, "   extern int proc_offset[];\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#else\n");
                fprintf(tc, "   extern short proc_offset[];\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#endif\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern uchar proc_skip[];\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern uchar *reached[];\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern uchar *accpstate[];\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern uchar *progstate[];\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern uchar *stopstate[];\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern uchar *visstate[];\n\n");
                fprintf(tc, "extern short *mapstate[];\n");

                fprintf(tc, "void\nini_claim(int n, int h)\n{");
                fprintf(tc, "\textern State now;\n");
                fprintf(tc, "\textern void set_claim(void);\n\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#ifdef PROV\n");
                fprintf(tc, "   #include PROV\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#endif\n");
                fprintf(tc, "\tset_claim();\n");
                genother();
                fprintf(tc, "\n\tswitch (n) {\n");
                genaddproc();
                fprintf(tc, "\t}\n");
                fprintf(tc, "\n}\n");
                fprintf(tc, "int\nstep_claim(int o_pm, int tau, int tt, int ot, Trans *t)\n");
                fprintf(tc, "{  int forw = t->forw; int _m = 0; extern char *noptr; int II=0;\n");
                fprintf(tc, "   extern State now;\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#define continue   return 0\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#include \"pan_t.m\"\n");
                fprintf(tc, "P999:\n\treturn _m;\n}\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#undef continue\n");
                fprintf(tc, "int\nrev_claim(int backw)\n{ return 0; }\n");
                fprintf(tc, "#include TRANSITIONS\n");
        }

        if (separate != 2)
        {       c_wrapper(tc);
                c_chandump(tc);
        }
}

static int
find_id(Symbol *s)
{       ProcList *p;

        if (s)
        for (p = rdy; p; p = p->nxt)
                if (s == p->n)
                        return p->tn;
        return 0;
}

static void
dolen(Symbol *s, char *pre, int pid, int ai, int qln)
{
        if (ai > 0)
                fprintf(tc, "\n\t\t\t ||    ");
        fprintf(tc, "%s(", pre);
        if (!(s->hidden&1))
        {       if (s->context)
                        fprintf(tc, "(int) ( ((P%d *)this)->", pid);
                else
                        fprintf(tc, "(int) ( now.");
        }
        fprintf(tc, "%s", s->name);
        if (qln > 1 || s->isarray) fprintf(tc, "[%d]", ai);
        fprintf(tc, ") )");
}

struct AA {     char TT[9];     char CC[8]; };

static struct AA BB[4] = {
        { "Q_FULL_F",   " q_full" },
        { "Q_FULL_T",   "!q_full" },
        { "Q_EMPT_F",   " !q_len" },
        { "Q_EMPT_T",   "  q_len" }
        };

static struct AA DD[4] = {
        { "Q_FULL_F",   " q_e_f" },     /* empty or full */
        { "Q_FULL_T",   "!q_full" },
        { "Q_EMPT_F",   " q_e_f" },
        { "Q_EMPT_T",   " q_len" }
        };
        /* this reduces the number of cases where 's' and 'r'
           are considered conditionally safe under the
           partial order reduction rules;  as a price for
           this simple implementation, it also affects the
           cases where nfull and nempty can be considered
           safe -- since these are labeled the same way as
           's' and 'r' respectively
           it only affects reduction, not functionality
         */

void
bb_or_dd(int j, int which)
{
        if (which)
        {       if (has_unless)
                        fprintf(tc, "%s", DD[j].CC);
                else
                        fprintf(tc, "%s", BB[j].CC);
        } else
        {       if (has_unless)
                        fprintf(tc, "%s", DD[j].TT);
                else
                        fprintf(tc, "%s", BB[j].TT);
        }
}

void
Done_case(char *nm, Symbol *z)
{       int j, k;
        int nid = z->Nid;
        int qln = z->nel;

        fprintf(tc, "\t\tcase %d: if (", nid);
        for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {       fprintf(tc, "\t(t->ty[i] == ");
                bb_or_dd(j, 0);
                fprintf(tc, " && (");
                for (k = 0; k < qln; k++)
                {       if (k > 0)
                                fprintf(tc, "\n\t\t\t ||    ");
                        bb_or_dd(j, 1);
                        fprintf(tc, "(%s%s", nm, z->name);
                        if (qln > 1)
                                fprintf(tc, "[%d]", k);
                        fprintf(tc, ")");
                }
                fprintf(tc, "))\n\t\t\t ");
                if (j < 3)
                        fprintf(tc, "|| ");
                else
                        fprintf(tc, "   ");
        }
        fprintf(tc, ") return 0; break;\n");
}

static void
Docase(Symbol *s, int pid, int nid)
{       int i, j;

        fprintf(tc, "\t\tcase %d: if (", nid);
        for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
        {       fprintf(tc, "\t(t->ty[i] == ");
                bb_or_dd(j, 0);
                fprintf(tc, " && (");
                if (has_unless)
                {       for (i = 0; i < s->nel; i++)
                                dolen(s, DD[j].CC, pid, i, s->nel);
                } else
                {       for (i = 0; i < s->nel; i++)
                                dolen(s, BB[j].CC, pid, i, s->nel);
                }
                fprintf(tc, "))\n\t\t\t ");
                if (j < 3)
                        fprintf(tc, "|| ");
                else
                        fprintf(tc, "   ");
        }
        fprintf(tc, ") return 0; break;\n");
}

static void
genconditionals(void)
{       Symbol *s;
        int last=0, j;
        extern Ordered  *all_names;
        Ordered *walk;

        fprintf(th, "#define LOCAL      1\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define Q_FULL_F   2\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define Q_EMPT_F   3\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define Q_EMPT_T   4\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define Q_FULL_T   5\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define TIMEOUT_F  6\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define GLOBAL     7\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define BAD        8\n");
        fprintf(th, "#define ALPHA_F    9\n");

        fprintf(tc, "int\n");
        fprintf(tc, "q_cond(short II, Trans *t)\n");
        fprintf(tc, "{  int i = 0;\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   {       if (t->ty[i] == TIMEOUT_F) return %s;\n",
                                        (Etimeouts)?"(!(trpt->tau&1))":"1");
        fprintf(tc, "           if (t->ty[i] == ALPHA_F)\n");
        fprintf(tc, "#ifdef GLOB_ALPHA\n");
        fprintf(tc, "                   return 0;\n");
        fprintf(tc, "#else\n\t\t\treturn ");
        fprintf(tc, "(II+1 == (short) now._nr_pr && II+1 < MAXPROC);\n");
        fprintf(tc, "#endif\n");

        /* we switch on the chan name from the spec (as identified by
         * the corresponding Nid number) rather than the actual qid
         * because we cannot predict at compile time which specific qid
         * will be accessed by the statement at runtime.  that is:
         * we do not know which qid to pass to q_cond at runtime
         * but we do know which name is used.  if it's a chan array, we
         * must check all elements of the array for compliance (bummer)
         */
        fprintf(tc, "           switch (t->qu[i]) {\n");
        fprintf(tc, "           case 0: break;\n");

        for (walk = all_names; walk; walk = walk->next)
        {       s = walk->entry;
                if (s->owner) continue;
                j = find_id(s->context);
                if (s->type == CHAN)
                {       if (last == s->Nid) continue;   /* chan array */
                        last = s->Nid;
                        Docase(s, j, last);
                } else if (s->type == STRUCT)
                {       /* struct may contain a chan */
                        char pregat[128];
                        extern void walk2_struct(char *, Symbol *);
                        strcpy(pregat, "");
                        if (!(s->hidden&1))
                        {       if (s->context)
                                        sprintf(pregat, "((P%d *)this)->",j);
                                else
                                        sprintf(pregat, "now.");
                        }
                        walk2_struct(pregat, s);
                }
        }
        fprintf(tc, "   \tdefault: Uerror(\"unknown qid - q_cond\");\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   \t\t\treturn 0;\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   \t}\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   }\n");
        fprintf(tc, "   return 1;\n");
        fprintf(tc, "}\n");
}

static void
putproc(ProcList *p)
{       Pid = p->tn;
        Det = p->det;

        if (pid_is_claim(Pid)
        &&  separate == 1)
        {       fprintf(th, "extern uchar reached%d[];\n", Pid);
#if 0
                fprintf(th, "extern short nstates%d;\n", Pid);
#else
                fprintf(th, "\n#define nstates%d        %d\t/* %s */\n",
                        Pid, p->s->maxel, p->n->name);
#endif
                fprintf(th, "extern short src_ln%d[];\n", Pid);
                fprintf(th, "extern uchar *loopstate%d;\n", Pid);
                fprintf(th, "extern S_F_MAP src_file%d[];\n", Pid);
                fprintf(th, "#define endstate%d %d\n",
                        Pid, p->s->last?p->s->last->seqno:0);
                return;
        }
        if (!pid_is_claim(Pid)
        &&  separate == 2)
        {       fprintf(th, "extern short src_ln%d[];\n", Pid);
                fprintf(th, "extern uchar *loopstate%d;\n", Pid);
                return;
        }

        AllGlobal = (p->prov)?1:0;      /* process has provided clause */

        fprintf(th, "\n#define nstates%d        %d\t/* %s */\n",
                Pid, p->s->maxel, p->n->name);
        if (Pid == eventmapnr)
        fprintf(th, "#define nstates_event      nstates%d\n", Pid);

        fprintf(th, "#define endstate%d %d\n", Pid, p->s->last?p->s->last->seqno:0);

        if (p->b == N_CLAIM || p->b == E_TRACE || p->b == N_TRACE)
        {       fprintf(tm, "\n          /* CLAIM %s */\n", p->n->name);
                fprintf(tb, "\n          /* CLAIM %s */\n", p->n->name);
        }
        else
        {       fprintf(tm, "\n          /* PROC %s */\n", p->n->name);
                fprintf(tb, "\n          /* PROC %s */\n", p->n->name);
        }
        fprintf(tt, "\n /* proctype %d: %s */\n", Pid, p->n->name);
        fprintf(tt, "\n trans[%d] = (Trans **)", Pid);
        fprintf(tt, " emalloc(%d*sizeof(Trans *));\n\n", p->s->maxel);

        if (Pid == eventmapnr)
        {       fprintf(th, "\n#define in_s_scope(x_y3_)        0");
                fprintf(tc, "\n#define in_r_scope(x_y3_)        0");
        }
        put_seq(p->s, 2, 0);
        if (Pid == eventmapnr)
        {       fprintf(th, "\n\n");
                fprintf(tc, "\n\n");
        }
        dumpsrc(p->s->maxel, Pid);
}

static void
addTpe(int x)
{       int i;

        if (x <= 2) return;

        for (i = 0; i < T_sum; i++)
                if (TPE[i] == x)
                        return;
        TPE[(T_sum++)%2] = x;
}

static void
cnt_seq(Sequence *s)
{       Element *f;
        SeqList *h;

        if (s)
        for (f = s->frst; f; f = f->nxt)
        {       Tpe(f->n);      /* sets EPT */
                addTpe(EPT[0]);
                addTpe(EPT[1]);
                for (h = f->sub; h; h = h->nxt)
                        cnt_seq(h->this);
                if (f == s->last)
                        break;
        }
}

static void
typ_seq(Sequence *s)
{
        T_sum = 0;
        TPE[0] = 2; TPE[1] = 0;
        cnt_seq(s);
        if (T_sum > 2)          /* more than one type */
        {       TPE[0] = 5*DELTA;       /* non-mixing */
                TPE[1] = 0;
        }
}

static int
hidden(Lextok *n)
{
        if (n)
        switch (n->ntyp) {
        case  FULL: case  EMPTY:
        case NFULL: case NEMPTY: case TIMEOUT:
                Nn[(T_mus++)%2] = n;
                break;
        case '!': case UMIN: case '~': case ASSERT: case 'c':
                (void) hidden(n->lft);
                break;
        case '/': case '*': case '-': case '+':
        case '%': case LT:  case GT: case '&': case '^':
        case '|': case LE:  case GE:  case NE: case '?':
        case EQ:  case OR:  case AND: case LSHIFT: case RSHIFT:
                (void) hidden(n->lft);
                (void) hidden(n->rgt);
                break;
        }
        return T_mus;
}

static int
getNid(Lextok *n)
{
        if (n->sym
        &&  n->sym->type == STRUCT
        &&  n->rgt && n->rgt->lft)
                return getNid(n->rgt->lft);

        if (!n->sym || n->sym->Nid == 0)
        {       fatal("bad channel name '%s'",
                (n->sym)?n->sym->name:"no name");
        }
        return n->sym->Nid;
}

static int
valTpe(Lextok *n)
{       int res = 2;
        /*
        2 = local
        2+1         .. 2+1*DELTA = nfull,  's'  - require q_full==false
        2+1+1*DELTA .. 2+2*DELTA = nempty, 'r'  - require q_len!=0
        2+1+2*DELTA .. 2+3*DELTA = empty        - require q_len==0
        2+1+3*DELTA .. 2+4*DELTA = full         - require q_full==true
        5*DELTA = non-mixing (i.e., always makes the selection global)
        6*DELTA = timeout (conditionally safe)
        7*DELTA = @, process deletion (conditionally safe)
         */
        switch (n->ntyp) { /* a series of fall-thru cases: */
        case   FULL:    res += DELTA;           /* add 3*DELTA + chan nr */
        case  EMPTY:    res += DELTA;           /* add 2*DELTA + chan nr */
        case    'r':
        case NEMPTY:    res += DELTA;           /* add 1*DELTA + chan nr */
        case    's':
        case  NFULL:    res += getNid(n->lft);  /* add channel nr */
                        break;

        case TIMEOUT:   res = 6*DELTA; break;
        case '@':       res = 7*DELTA; break;
        default:        break;
        }
        return res;
}

static void
Tpe(Lextok *n)  /* mixing in selections */
{
        EPT[0] = 2; EPT[1] = 0;

        if (!n) return;

        T_mus = 0;
        Nn[0] = Nn[1] = ZN;

        if (n->ntyp == 'c')
        {       if (hidden(n->lft) > 2)
                {       EPT[0] = 5*DELTA; /* non-mixing */
                        EPT[1] = 0;
                        return;
                }
        } else
                Nn[0] = n;

        if (Nn[0]) EPT[0] = valTpe(Nn[0]);
        if (Nn[1]) EPT[1] = valTpe(Nn[1]);
}

static void
put_escp(Element *e)
{       int n;
        SeqList *x;

        if (e->esc /* && e->n->ntyp != GOTO */ && e->n->ntyp != '.')
        {       for (x = e->esc, n = 0; x; x = x->nxt, n++)
                {       int i = huntele(x->this->frst, e->status, -1)->seqno;
                        fprintf(tt, "\ttrans[%d][%d]->escp[%d] = %d;\n",
                                Pid, e->seqno, n, i);
                        fprintf(tt, "\treached%d[%d] = 1;\n",
                                Pid, i);
                }
                for (x = e->esc, n=0; x; x = x->nxt, n++)
                {       fprintf(tt, "   /* escape #%d: %d */\n", n,
                                huntele(x->this->frst, e->status, -1)->seqno);
                        put_seq(x->this, 2, 0); /* args?? */
                }
                fprintf(tt, "   /* end-escapes */\n");
        }
}

static void
put_sub(Element *e, int Tt0, int Tt1)
{       Sequence *s = e->n->sl->this;
        Element *g = ZE;
        int a;

        patch_atomic(s);
        putskip(s->frst->seqno);
        g = huntstart(s->frst);
        a = g->seqno;

        if (0) printf("put_sub %d -> %d -> %d\n", e->seqno, s->frst->seqno, a);

        if ((e->n->ntyp == ATOMIC
        ||  e->n->ntyp == D_STEP)
        &&  scan_seq(s))
                mark_seq(s);
        s->last->nxt = e->nxt;

        typ_seq(s);     /* sets TPE */

        if (e->n->ntyp == D_STEP)
        {       int inherit = (e->status&(ATOM|L_ATOM));
                fprintf(tm, "\tcase %d: ", uniq++);
                fprintf(tm, "/* STATE %d - %s:%d - [",
                        e->seqno, e->n->fn->name, e->n->ln);
                comment(tm, e->n, 0);
                fprintf(tm, "] */\n\t\t");

                if (s->last->n->ntyp == BREAK)
                        OkBreak = target(huntele(s->last->nxt,
                                s->last->status, -1))->Seqno;
                else
                        OkBreak = -1;

                if (!putcode(tm, s, e->nxt, 0, e->n->ln, e->seqno))
                {
                        fprintf(tm, "\n#if defined(C_States) && (HAS_TRACK==1)\n");
                        fprintf(tm, "\t\tc_update((uchar *) &(now.c_state[0]));\n");
                        fprintf(tm, "#endif\n");

                        fprintf(tm, "\t\t_m = %d", getweight(s->frst->n));
                        if (m_loss && s->frst->n->ntyp == 's')
                                fprintf(tm, "+delta_m; delta_m = 0");
                        fprintf(tm, "; goto P999;\n\n");
                }
        
                fprintf(tb, "\tcase %d: ", uniq-1);
                fprintf(tb, "/* STATE %d */\n", e->seqno);
                fprintf(tb, "\t\tsv_restor();\n");
                fprintf(tb, "\t\tgoto R999;\n");
                if (e->nxt)
                        a = huntele(e->nxt, e->status, -1)->seqno;
                else
                        a = 0;
                tr_map(uniq-1, e);
                fprintf(tt, "/*->*/\ttrans[%d][%d]\t= ",
                        Pid, e->seqno);
                fprintf(tt, "settr(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,\"",
                        e->Seqno, D_ATOM|inherit, a, uniq-1, uniq-1);
                comment(tt, e->n, e->seqno);
                fprintf(tt, "\", %d, ", (s->frst->status&I_GLOB)?1:0);
                fprintf(tt, "%d, %d);\n", TPE[0], TPE[1]);
                put_escp(e);
        } else
        {       /* ATOMIC or NON_ATOMIC */
                fprintf(tt, "\tT = trans[ %d][%d] = ", Pid, e->seqno);
                fprintf(tt, "settr(%d,%d,0,0,0,\"",
                        e->Seqno, (e->n->ntyp == ATOMIC)?ATOM:0);
                comment(tt, e->n, e->seqno);
                if ((e->status&CHECK2)
                ||  (g->status&CHECK2))
                        s->frst->status |= I_GLOB;
                fprintf(tt, "\", %d, %d, %d);",
                        (s->frst->status&I_GLOB)?1:0, Tt0, Tt1);
                blurb(tt, e);
                fprintf(tt, "\tT->nxt\t= ");
                fprintf(tt, "settr(%d,%d,%d,0,0,\"",
                        e->Seqno, (e->n->ntyp == ATOMIC)?ATOM:0, a);
                comment(tt, e->n, e->seqno);
                fprintf(tt, "\", %d, ", (s->frst->status&I_GLOB)?1:0);
                if (e->n->ntyp == NON_ATOMIC)
                {       fprintf(tt, "%d, %d);", Tt0, Tt1);
                        blurb(tt, e);
                        put_seq(s, Tt0, Tt1);
                } else
                {       fprintf(tt, "%d, %d);", TPE[0], TPE[1]);
                        blurb(tt, e);
                        put_seq(s, TPE[0], TPE[1]);
                }
        }
}

typedef struct CaseCache {
        int m, b, owner;
        Element *e;
        Lextok *n;
        FSM_use *u;
        struct CaseCache *nxt;
} CaseCache;

static CaseCache *casing[6];

static int
identical(Lextok *p, Lextok *q)
{
        if ((!p && q) || (p && !q))
                return 0;
        if (!p)
                return 1;

        if (p->ntyp    != q->ntyp
        ||  p->ismtyp  != q->ismtyp
        ||  p->val     != q->val
        ||  p->indstep != q->indstep
        ||  p->sym     != q->sym
        ||  p->sq      != q->sq
        ||  p->sl      != q->sl)
                return 0;

        return  identical(p->lft, q->lft)
        &&      identical(p->rgt, q->rgt);
}

static int
samedeads(FSM_use *a, FSM_use *b)
{       FSM_use *p, *q;

        for (p = a, q = b; p && q; p = p->nxt, q = q->nxt)
                if (p->var != q->var
                ||  p->special != q->special)
                        return 0;
        return (!p && !q);
}

static Element *
findnext(Element *f)
{       Element *g;

        if (f->n->ntyp == GOTO)
        {       g = get_lab(f->n, 1);
                return huntele(g, f->status, -1);
        }
        return f->nxt;
}

static Element *
advance(Element *e, int stopat)
{       Element *f = e;

        if (stopat)
        while (f && f->seqno != stopat)
        {       f = findnext(f);
                if (!f)
                {       break;
                }
                switch (f->n->ntyp) {
                case GOTO:
                case '.':
                case PRINT:
                case PRINTM:
                        break;
                default:
                        return f;
        }       }
        return (Element *) 0;
}

static int
equiv_merges(Element *a, Element *b)
{       Element *f, *g;
        int stopat_a, stopat_b;

        if (a->merge_start)
                stopat_a = a->merge_start;
        else
                stopat_a = a->merge;

        if (b->merge_start)
                stopat_b = b->merge_start;
        else
                stopat_b = b->merge;

        if (!stopat_a && !stopat_b)
                return 1;

        f = advance(a, stopat_a);
        g = advance(b, stopat_b);

        if (!f && !g)
                return 1;

        if (f && g)
                return identical(f->n, g->n);

        return 0;
}

static CaseCache *
prev_case(Element *e, int owner)
{       int j; CaseCache *nc;

        switch (e->n->ntyp) {
        case 'r':       j = 0; break;
        case 's':       j = 1; break;
        case 'c':       j = 2; break;
        case ASGN:      j = 3; break;
        case ASSERT:    j = 4; break;
        default:        j = 5; break;
        }
        for (nc = casing[j]; nc; nc = nc->nxt)
                if (identical(nc->n, e->n)
                &&  samedeads(nc->u, e->dead)
                &&  equiv_merges(nc->e, e)
                &&  nc->owner == owner)
                        return nc;

        return (CaseCache *) 0;
}

static void
new_case(Element *e, int m, int b, int owner)
{       int j; CaseCache *nc;

        switch (e->n->ntyp) {
        case 'r':       j = 0; break;
        case 's':       j = 1; break;
        case 'c':       j = 2; break;
        case ASGN:      j = 3; break;
        case ASSERT:    j = 4; break;
        default:        j = 5; break;
        }
        nc = (CaseCache *) emalloc(sizeof(CaseCache));
        nc->owner = owner;
        nc->m = m;
        nc->b = b;
        nc->e = e;
        nc->n = e->n;
        nc->u = e->dead;
        nc->nxt = casing[j];
        casing[j] = nc;
}

static int
nr_bup(Element *e)
{       FSM_use *u;
        Lextok *v;
        int nr = 0;

        switch (e->n->ntyp) {
        case ASGN:
                nr++;
                break;
        case  'r':
                if (e->n->val >= 1)
                        nr++;   /* random recv */
                for (v = e->n->rgt; v; v = v->rgt)
                {       if ((v->lft->ntyp == CONST
                        ||   v->lft->ntyp == EVAL))
                                continue;
                        nr++;
                }
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
        for (u = e->dead; u; u = u->nxt)
        {       switch (u->special) {
                case 2:         /* dead after write */
                        if (e->n->ntyp == ASGN
                        &&  e->n->rgt->ntyp == CONST
                        &&  e->n->rgt->val == 0)
                                break;
                        nr++;
                        break;
                case 1:         /* dead after read */
                        nr++;
                        break;
        }       }
        return nr;
}

static int
nrhops(Element *e)
{       Element *f = e, *g;
        int cnt = 0;
        int stopat;

        if (e->merge_start)
                stopat = e->merge_start;
        else
                stopat = e->merge;
#if 0
        printf("merge: %d merge_start %d - seqno %d\n",
                e->merge, e->merge_start, e->seqno);
#endif
        do {
                cnt += nr_bup(f);

                if (f->n->ntyp == GOTO)
                {       g = get_lab(f->n, 1);
                        if (g->seqno == stopat)
                                f = g;
                        else
                                f = huntele(g, f->status, stopat);
                } else
                {
                        f = f->nxt;
                }

                if (f && !f->merge && !f->merge_single && f->seqno != stopat)
                {       fprintf(tm, "\n\t\tbad hop %s:%d -- at %d, <",
                                f->n->fn->name,f->n->ln, f->seqno);
                        comment(tm, f->n, 0);
                        fprintf(tm, "> looking for %d -- merge %d:%d:%d\n\t\t",
                                stopat, f->merge, f->merge_start, f->merge_single);
                        break;
                }
        } while (f && f->seqno != stopat);

        return cnt;
}

static void
check_needed(void)
{
        if (multi_needed)
        {       fprintf(tm, "(trpt+1)->bup.ovals = grab_ints(%d);\n\t\t",
                        multi_needed);
                multi_undo = multi_needed;
                multi_needed = 0;
        }
}

static void
doforward(FILE *tm_fd, Element *e)
{       FSM_use *u;

        putstmnt(tm_fd, e->n, e->seqno);

        if (e->n->ntyp != ELSE && Det)
        {       fprintf(tm_fd, ";\n\t\tif (trpt->o_pm&1)\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm_fd, "\tuerror(\"non-determinism in D_proctype\")");
        }
        if (deadvar && !has_code)
        for (u = e->dead; u; u = u->nxt)
        {       fprintf(tm_fd, ";\n\t\t/* dead %d: %s */  ",
                        u->special, u->var->name);

                switch (u->special) {
                case 2:         /* dead after write -- lval already bupped */
                        if (e->n->ntyp == ASGN) /* could be recv or asgn */
                        {       if (e->n->rgt->ntyp == CONST
                                &&  e->n->rgt->val == 0)
                                        continue;       /* already set to 0 */
                        }
                        if (e->n->ntyp != 'r')
                        {       XZ.sym = u->var;
                                fprintf(tm_fd, "\n#ifdef HAS_CODE\n");
                                fprintf(tm_fd, "\t\tif (!readtrail)\n");
                                fprintf(tm_fd, "#endif\n\t\t\t");
                                putname(tm_fd, "", &XZ, 0, " = 0");
                                break;
                        } /* else fall through */
                case 1:         /* dead after read -- add asgn of rval -- needs bup */
                        YZ[YZmax].sym = u->var; /* store for pan.b */
                        CnT[YZcnt]++;           /* this step added bups */
                        if (multi_oval)
                        {       check_needed();
                                fprintf(tm_fd, "(trpt+1)->bup.ovals[%d] = ",
                                        multi_oval-1);
                                multi_oval++;
                        } else
                                fprintf(tm_fd, "(trpt+1)->bup.oval = ");
                        putname(tm_fd, "", &YZ[YZmax], 0, ";\n");
                        fprintf(tm_fd, "#ifdef HAS_CODE\n");
                        fprintf(tm_fd, "\t\tif (!readtrail)\n");
                        fprintf(tm_fd, "#endif\n\t\t\t");
                        putname(tm_fd, "", &YZ[YZmax], 0, " = 0");
                        YZmax++;
                        break;
        }       }
        fprintf(tm_fd, ";\n\t\t");
}

static int
dobackward(Element *e, int casenr)
{
        if (!any_undo(e->n) && CnT[YZcnt] == 0)
        {       YZcnt--;
                return 0;
        }

        if (!didcase)
        {       fprintf(tb, "\n\tcase %d: ", casenr);
                fprintf(tb, "/* STATE %d */\n\t\t", e->seqno);
                didcase++;
        }

        _isok++;
        while (CnT[YZcnt] > 0)  /* undo dead variable resets */
        {       CnT[YZcnt]--;
                YZmax--;
                if (YZmax < 0)
                        fatal("cannot happen, dobackward", (char *)0);
                fprintf(tb, ";\n\t/* %d */\t", YZmax);
                putname(tb, "", &YZ[YZmax], 0, " = trpt->bup.oval");
                if (multi_oval > 0)
                {       multi_oval--;
                        fprintf(tb, "s[%d]", multi_oval-1);
                }
        }

        if (e->n->ntyp != '.')
        {       fprintf(tb, ";\n\t\t");
                undostmnt(e->n, e->seqno);
        }
        _isok--;

        YZcnt--;
        return 1;
}

static void
lastfirst(int stopat, Element *fin, int casenr)
{       Element *f = fin, *g;

        if (f->n->ntyp == GOTO)
        {       g = get_lab(f->n, 1);
                if (g->seqno == stopat)
                        f = g;
                else
                        f = huntele(g, f->status, stopat);
        } else
                f = f->nxt;

        if (!f || f->seqno == stopat
        || (!f->merge && !f->merge_single))
                return;
        lastfirst(stopat, f, casenr);
#if 0
        fprintf(tb, "\n\t/* merge %d -- %d:%d %d:%d:%d (casenr %d)      ",
                YZcnt,
                f->merge_start, f->merge,
                f->seqno, f?f->seqno:-1, stopat,
                casenr);
        comment(tb, f->n, 0);
        fprintf(tb, " */\n");
        fflush(tb);
#endif
        dobackward(f, casenr);
}

static int modifier;

static void
lab_transfer(Element *to, Element *from)
{       Symbol *ns, *s = has_lab(from, (1|2|4));
        Symbol *oc;
        int ltp, usedit=0;

        if (!s) return;

        /* "from" could have all three labels -- rename
         * to prevent jumps to the transfered copies
         */
        oc = context;   /* remember */
        for (ltp = 1; ltp < 8; ltp *= 2)        /* 1, 2, and 4 */
                if ((s = has_lab(from, ltp)) != (Symbol *) 0)
                {       ns = (Symbol *) emalloc(sizeof(Symbol));
                        ns->name = (char *) emalloc((int) strlen(s->name) + 4);
                        sprintf(ns->name, "%s%d", s->name, modifier);

                        context = s->context;
                        set_lab(ns, to);
                        usedit++;
                }
        context = oc;   /* restore */
        if (usedit)
        {       if (modifier++ > 990)
                        fatal("modifier overflow error", (char *) 0);
        }
}

static int
case_cache(Element *e, int a)
{       int bupcase = 0, casenr = uniq, fromcache = 0;
        CaseCache *Cached = (CaseCache *) 0;
        Element *f, *g;
        int j, nrbups, mark, ntarget;
        extern int ccache;

        mark = (e->status&ATOM); /* could lose atomicity in a merge chain */

        if (e->merge_mark > 0
        ||  (merger && e->merge_in == 0))
        {       /* state nominally unreachable (part of merge chains) */
                if (e->n->ntyp != '.'
                &&  e->n->ntyp != GOTO)
                {       fprintf(tt, "\ttrans[%d][%d]\t= ", Pid, e->seqno);
                        fprintf(tt, "settr(0,0,0,0,0,\"");
                        comment(tt, e->n, e->seqno);
                        fprintf(tt, "\",0,0,0);\n");
                } else
                {       fprintf(tt, "\ttrans[%d][%d]\t= ", Pid, e->seqno);
                        casenr = 1; /* mhs example */
                        j = a;
                        goto haveit; /* pakula's example */
                }

                return -1;
        }

        fprintf(tt, "\ttrans[%d][%d]\t= ", Pid, e->seqno);

        if (ccache
        &&  !pid_is_claim(Pid)
        &&  Pid != eventmapnr
        && (Cached = prev_case(e, Pid)))
        {       bupcase = Cached->b;
                casenr  = Cached->m;
                fromcache = 1;

                fprintf(tm, "/* STATE %d - %s:%d - [",
                        e->seqno, e->n->fn->name, e->n->ln);
                comment(tm, e->n, 0);
                fprintf(tm, "] (%d:%d - %d) same as %d (%d:%d - %d) */\n",
                        e->merge_start, e->merge, e->merge_in,
                        casenr,
                        Cached->e->merge_start, Cached->e->merge, Cached->e->merge_in);

                goto gotit;
        }

        fprintf(tm, "\tcase %d: /* STATE %d - %s:%d - [",
                uniq++, e->seqno, e->n->fn->name, e->n->ln);
        comment(tm, e->n, 0);
        nrbups = (e->merge || e->merge_start) ? nrhops(e) : nr_bup(e);
        fprintf(tm, "] (%d:%d:%d - %d) */\n\t\t",
                e->merge_start, e->merge, nrbups, e->merge_in);

        if (nrbups > MAXMERGE-1)
                fatal("merge requires more than 256 bups", (char *)0);

        if (e->n->ntyp != 'r' && !pid_is_claim(Pid) && Pid != eventmapnr)
                fprintf(tm, "IfNotBlocked\n\t\t");

        if (multi_needed != 0 || multi_undo != 0)
                fatal("cannot happen, case_cache", (char *) 0);

        if (nrbups > 1)
        {       multi_oval = 1;
                multi_needed = nrbups; /* allocated after edge condition */
        } else
                multi_oval = 0;

        memset(CnT, 0, sizeof(CnT));
        YZmax = YZcnt = 0;

/* new 4.2.6, revised 6.0.0 */
        if (pid_is_claim(Pid))
        {       fprintf(tm, "\n#if defined(VERI) && !defined(NP)\n");
fprintf(tm, "#if NCLAIMS>1\n");
                fprintf(tm, "\t\t{      static int reported%d = 0;\n", e->seqno);
                fprintf(tm, "\t\t       int nn = (int) ((Pclaim *)this)->_n;\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm, "   if (verbose && !reported%d)\n\t\t", e->seqno);
                fprintf(tm, "   {\tprintf(\"depth %%ld: Claim %%s (%%d), state %%d (line %%d)\\n\",\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm, "   \t\tdepth, procname[spin_c_typ[nn]], nn, ");
                fprintf(tm, "(int) ((Pclaim *)this)->_p, src_claim[ (int) ((Pclaim *)this)->_p ]);\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm, "           reported%d = 1;\n\t\t", e->seqno);
                fprintf(tm, "           fflush(stdout);\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm, "}  }\n");
fprintf(tm, "#else\n");
                fprintf(tm, "{  static int reported%d = 0;\n\t\t", e->seqno);
                fprintf(tm, "   if (verbose && !reported%d)\n\t\t", e->seqno);
                fprintf(tm, "   {       printf(\"depth %%d: Claim, state %%d (line %%d)\\n\",\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm, "                   (int) depth, (int) ((Pclaim *)this)->_p, ");
                fprintf(tm, "src_claim[ (int) ((Pclaim *)this)->_p ]);\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm, "           reported%d = 1;\n\t\t", e->seqno);
                fprintf(tm, "           fflush(stdout);\n\t\t");
                fprintf(tm, "}  }\n");
fprintf(tm, "#endif\n");
                fprintf(tm, "#endif\n\t\t");
        }
/* end */

        /* the src xrefs have the numbers in e->seqno builtin */
        fprintf(tm, "reached[%d][%d] = 1;\n\t\t", Pid, e->seqno);

        doforward(tm, e);

        if (e->merge_start)
                ntarget = e->merge_start;
        else
                ntarget = e->merge;

        if (ntarget)
        {       f = e;

more:           if (f->n->ntyp == GOTO)
                {       g = get_lab(f->n, 1);
                        if (g->seqno == ntarget)
                                f = g;
                        else
                                f = huntele(g, f->status, ntarget);
                } else
                        f = f->nxt;


                if (f && f->seqno != ntarget)
                {       if (!f->merge && !f->merge_single)
                        {       fprintf(tm, "/* stop at bad hop %d, %d */\n\t\t",
                                        f->seqno, ntarget);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        fprintf(tm, "/* merge: ");
                        comment(tm, f->n, 0);
                        fprintf(tm,  "(%d, %d, %d) */\n\t\t", f->merge, f->seqno, ntarget);
                        fprintf(tm, "reached[%d][%d] = 1;\n\t\t", Pid, f->seqno);
                        YZcnt++;
                        lab_transfer(e, f);
                        mark = f->status&(ATOM|L_ATOM); /* last step wins */
                        doforward(tm, f);
                        if (f->merge_in == 1) f->merge_mark++;

                        goto more;
        }       }
out:
        fprintf(tm, "_m = %d", getweight(e->n));
        if (m_loss && e->n->ntyp == 's') fprintf(tm, "+delta_m; delta_m = 0");
        fprintf(tm, "; goto P999; /* %d */\n", YZcnt);

        multi_needed = 0;
        didcase = 0;

        if (ntarget)
                lastfirst(ntarget, e, casenr); /* mergesteps only */

        dobackward(e, casenr);                  /* the original step */

        fprintf(tb, ";\n\t\t");

        if (e->merge || e->merge_start)
        {       if (!didcase)
                {       fprintf(tb, "\n\tcase %d: ", casenr);
                        fprintf(tb, "/* STATE %d */", e->seqno);
                        didcase++;
                } else
                        fprintf(tb, ";");
        } else
                fprintf(tb, ";");
        fprintf(tb, "\n\t\t");

        if (multi_undo)
        {       fprintf(tb, "ungrab_ints(trpt->bup.ovals, %d);\n\t\t",
                        multi_undo);
                multi_undo = 0;
        }
        if (didcase)
        {       fprintf(tb, "goto R999;\n");
                bupcase = casenr;
        }

        if (!e->merge && !e->merge_start)
                new_case(e, casenr, bupcase, Pid);

gotit:
        j = a;
        if (e->merge_start)
                j = e->merge_start;
        else if (e->merge)
                j = e->merge;
haveit:
        fprintf(tt, "%ssettr(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,\"", fromcache?"/* c */ ":"",
                e->Seqno, mark, j, casenr, bupcase);

        return (fromcache)?0:casenr;
}

static void
put_el(Element *e, int Tt0, int Tt1)
{       int a, casenr, Global_ref;
        Element *g = ZE;

        if (e->n->ntyp == GOTO)
        {       g = get_lab(e->n, 1);
                g = huntele(g, e->status, -1);
                cross_dsteps(e->n, g->n);
                a = g->seqno;
        } else if (e->nxt)
        {       g = huntele(e->nxt, e->status, -1);
                a = g->seqno;
        } else
                a = 0;
        if (g
        &&  (g->status&CHECK2   /* entering remotely ref'd state */
        ||   e->status&CHECK2)) /* leaving  remotely ref'd state */
                e->status |= I_GLOB;

        /* don't remove dead edges in here, to preserve structure of fsm */
        if (e->merge_start || e->merge)
                goto non_generic;

        /*** avoid duplicate or redundant cases in pan.m ***/
        switch (e->n->ntyp) {
        case ELSE:
                casenr = 2; /* standard else */
                putskip(e->seqno);
                goto generic_case;
                /* break; */
        case '.':
        case GOTO:
        case BREAK:
                putskip(e->seqno); 
                casenr = 1; /* standard goto */
generic_case:   fprintf(tt, "\ttrans[%d][%d]\t= ", Pid, e->seqno);
                fprintf(tt, "settr(%d,%d,%d,%d,0,\"",
                        e->Seqno, e->status&ATOM, a, casenr);
                break;
#ifndef PRINTF
        case PRINT:
                goto non_generic;
        case PRINTM:
                goto non_generic;
#endif
        case 'c':
                if (e->n->lft->ntyp == CONST
                &&  e->n->lft->val == 1)        /* skip or true */
                {       casenr = 1;
                        putskip(e->seqno);
                        goto generic_case;
                }
                goto non_generic;

        default:
non_generic:
                casenr = case_cache(e, a);
                if (casenr < 0) return; /* unreachable state */
                break;
        }
        /* tailend of settr(...); */
        Global_ref = (e->status&I_GLOB)?1:has_global(e->n);
        comment(tt, e->n, e->seqno);
        fprintf(tt, "\", %d, ", Global_ref);
        if (Tt0 != 2)
        {       fprintf(tt, "%d, %d);", Tt0, Tt1);
        } else
        {       Tpe(e->n);      /* sets EPT */
                fprintf(tt, "%d, %d);", EPT[0], EPT[1]);
        }
        if ((e->merge_start && e->merge_start != a)
        ||  (e->merge && e->merge != a))
        {       fprintf(tt, " /* m: %d -> %d,%d */\n",
                        a, e->merge_start, e->merge);
                fprintf(tt, "   reached%d[%d] = 1;",
                        Pid, a); /* Sheinman's example */
        }
        fprintf(tt, "\n");

        if (casenr > 2)
                tr_map(casenr, e);
        put_escp(e);
}

static void
nested_unless(Element *e, Element *g)
{       struct SeqList *y = e->esc, *z = g->esc;

        for ( ; y && z; y = y->nxt, z = z->nxt)
                if (z->this != y->this)
                        break;
        if (!y && !z)
                return;

        if (g->n->ntyp != GOTO
        &&  g->n->ntyp != '.'
        &&  e->sub->nxt)
        {       printf("error: (%s:%d) saw 'unless' on a guard:\n",
                        (e->n)?e->n->fn->name:"-",
                        (e->n)?e->n->ln:0);
                printf("=====>instead of\n");
                printf("        do (or if)\n");
                printf("        :: ...\n");
                printf("        :: stmnt1 unless stmnt2\n");
                printf("        od (of fi)\n");
                printf("=====>use\n");
                printf("        do (or if)\n");
                printf("        :: ...\n");
                printf("        :: stmnt1\n");
                printf("        od (or fi) unless stmnt2\n");
                printf("=====>or rewrite\n");
        }
}

static void
put_seq(Sequence *s, int Tt0, int Tt1)
{       SeqList *h;
        Element *e, *g;
        int a, deadlink;

        if (0) printf("put_seq %d\n", s->frst->seqno);

        for (e = s->frst; e; e = e->nxt)
        {
                if (0) printf(" step %d\n", e->seqno);
                if (e->status & DONE)
                {
                        if (0) printf("         done before\n");
                        goto checklast;
                }
                e->status |= DONE;

                if (e->n->ln)
                        putsrc(e);

                if (e->n->ntyp == UNLESS)
                {
                        if (0) printf("         an unless\n");
                        put_seq(e->sub->this, Tt0, Tt1);
                } else if (e->sub)
                {
                        if (0) printf("         has sub\n");
                        fprintf(tt, "\tT = trans[%d][%d] = ",
                                Pid, e->seqno);
                        fprintf(tt, "settr(%d,%d,0,0,0,\"",
                                e->Seqno, e->status&ATOM);
                        comment(tt, e->n, e->seqno);
                        if (e->status&CHECK2)
                                e->status |= I_GLOB;
                        fprintf(tt, "\", %d, %d, %d);",
                                (e->status&I_GLOB)?1:0, Tt0, Tt1);
                        blurb(tt, e);
                        for (h = e->sub; h; h = h->nxt)
                        {       putskip(h->this->frst->seqno);
                                g = huntstart(h->this->frst);
                                if (g->esc)
                                        nested_unless(e, g);
                                a = g->seqno;

                                if (g->n->ntyp == 'c'
                                &&  g->n->lft->ntyp == CONST
                                &&  g->n->lft->val == 0         /* 0 or false */
                                && !g->esc)
                                {       fprintf(tt, "#if 0\n\t/* dead link: */\n");
                                        deadlink = 1;
                                        if (verbose&32)
                                        printf("spin: warning, %s:%d: condition is always false\n",
                                                g->n->fn?g->n->fn->name:"", g->n->ln);
                                } else
                                        deadlink = 0;
                                if (0) printf("                 settr %d %d\n", a, 0);
                                if (h->nxt)
                                        fprintf(tt, "\tT = T->nxt\t= ");
                                else
                                        fprintf(tt, "\t    T->nxt\t= ");
                                fprintf(tt, "settr(%d,%d,%d,0,0,\"",
                                        e->Seqno, e->status&ATOM, a);
                                comment(tt, e->n, e->seqno);
                                if (g->status&CHECK2)
                                        h->this->frst->status |= I_GLOB;
                                fprintf(tt, "\", %d, %d, %d);",
                                        (h->this->frst->status&I_GLOB)?1:0,
                                        Tt0, Tt1);
                                blurb(tt, e);
                                if (deadlink)
                                        fprintf(tt, "#endif\n");
                        }
                        for (h = e->sub; h; h = h->nxt)
                                put_seq(h->this, Tt0, Tt1);
                } else
                {
                        if (0) printf("         [non]atomic %d\n", e->n->ntyp);
                        if (e->n->ntyp == ATOMIC
                        ||  e->n->ntyp == D_STEP
                        ||  e->n->ntyp == NON_ATOMIC)
                                put_sub(e, Tt0, Tt1);
                        else 
                        {
                                if (0) printf("                 put_el %d\n", e->seqno);
                                put_el(e, Tt0, Tt1);
                        }
                }
checklast:      if (e == s->last)
                        break;
        }
        if (0) printf("put_seq done\n");
}

static void
patch_atomic(Sequence *s)       /* catch goto's that break the chain */
{       Element *f, *g;
        SeqList *h;

        for (f = s->frst; f ; f = f->nxt)
        {
                if (f->n && f->n->ntyp == GOTO)
                {       g = get_lab(f->n,1);
                        cross_dsteps(f->n, g->n);
                        if ((f->status & (ATOM|L_ATOM))
                        && !(g->status & (ATOM|L_ATOM)))
                        {       f->status &= ~ATOM;
                                f->status |= L_ATOM;
                        }
                        /* bridge atomics */
                        if ((f->status & L_ATOM)
                        &&  (g->status & (ATOM|L_ATOM)))
                        {       f->status &= ~L_ATOM;
                                f->status |= ATOM;
                        }
                } else
                for (h = f->sub; h; h = h->nxt)
                        patch_atomic(h->this);
                if (f == s->extent)
                        break;
        }
}

static void
mark_seq(Sequence *s)
{       Element *f;
        SeqList *h;

        for (f = s->frst; f; f = f->nxt)
        {       f->status |= I_GLOB;

                if (f->n->ntyp == ATOMIC
                ||  f->n->ntyp == NON_ATOMIC
                ||  f->n->ntyp == D_STEP)
                        mark_seq(f->n->sl->this);

                for (h = f->sub; h; h = h->nxt)
                        mark_seq(h->this);
                if (f == s->last)
                        return;
        }
}

static Element *
find_target(Element *e)
{       Element *f;

        if (!e) return e;

        if (t_cyc++ > 32)
        {       fatal("cycle of goto jumps", (char *) 0);
        }
        switch (e->n->ntyp) {
        case  GOTO:
                f = get_lab(e->n,1);
                cross_dsteps(e->n, f->n);
                f = find_target(f);
                break;
        case BREAK:
                if (e->nxt)
                {       f = find_target(huntele(e->nxt, e->status, -1));
                        break;  /* new 5.0 -- was missing */
                }
                /* else fall through */
        default:
                f = e;
                break;
        }
        return f;
}

Element *
target(Element *e)
{
        if (!e) return e;
        lineno = e->n->ln;
        Fname  = e->n->fn;
        t_cyc = 0;
        return find_target(e);
}

static int
seq_has_el(Sequence *s, Element *g)             /* new to version 5.0 */
{       Element *f;
        SeqList *h;

        for (f = s->frst; f; f = f->nxt)        /* g in same atomic? */
        {       if (f == g)
                {       return 1;
                }
                if (f->status & CHECK3)
                {       continue;
                }
                f->status |= CHECK3; /* protect against cycles */
                for (h = f->sub; h; h = h->nxt)
                {       if (h->this && seq_has_el(h->this, g))
                        {       return 1;
        }       }       }
        return 0;
}

static int
scan_seq(Sequence *s)
{       Element *f, *g;
        SeqList *h;

        for (f = s->frst; f; f = f->nxt)
        {       if ((f->status&CHECK2)
                ||  has_global(f->n))
                        return 1;
                if  (f->n->ntyp == GOTO /* may exit or reach other atomic */
                && !(f->status & D_ATOM))       /* cannot jump from d_step */
                {       /* consider jump from an atomic without globals into
                         * an atomic with globals
                         * example by Claus Traulsen, 22 June 2007
                         */
                        g = target(f);
#if 1
                        if (g && !seq_has_el(s, g)) /* not internal to this atomic/dstep */

#else
                        if (g
                        && !(f->status & L_ATOM)
                        && !(g->status & (ATOM|L_ATOM)))
#endif
                        {       fprintf(tt, "\t/* mark-down line %d status %d = %d */\n", f->n->ln, f->status, (f->status & D_ATOM));
                                return 1; /* assume worst case */
                }       }
                for (h = f->sub; h; h = h->nxt)
                        if (scan_seq(h->this))
                                return 1;
                if (f == s->last)
                        break;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
glob_args(Lextok *n)
{       int result = 0;
        Lextok *v;

        for (v = n->rgt; v; v = v->rgt)
        {       if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                        continue;
                if (v->lft->ntyp == EVAL)
                        result += has_global(v->lft->lft);
                else
                        result += has_global(v->lft);
        }
        return result;
}

static int
proc_is_safe(const Lextok *n)
{       ProcList *p;
        /* not safe unless no local var inits are used */
        /* note that a local variable init could refer to a global */

        for (p = rdy; p; p = p->nxt)
        {       if (strcmp(n->sym->name, p->n->name) == 0)
                {       /* printf("proc %s safety: %d\n", p->n->name, p->unsafe); */
                        return (p->unsafe != 0);
        }       }
/*      non_fatal("bad call to proc_is_safe", (char *) 0);      */
        /* cannot happen */
        return 0;
}

int
has_global(Lextok *n)
{       Lextok *v;

        if (!n) return 0;
        if (AllGlobal) return 1;        /* global provided clause */

        switch (n->ntyp) {
        case ATOMIC:
        case D_STEP:
        case NON_ATOMIC:
                return scan_seq(n->sl->this);

        case '.':
        case BREAK:
        case GOTO:
        case CONST:
                return 0;

        case   ELSE: return n->val; /* true if combined with chan refs */

        case    's': return glob_args(n)!=0 || ((n->sym->xu&(XS|XX)) != XS);
        case    'r': return glob_args(n)!=0 || ((n->sym->xu&(XR|XX)) != XR);
        case    'R': return glob_args(n)!=0 || (((n->sym->xu)&(XR|XS|XX)) != (XR|XS));
        case NEMPTY: return ((n->sym->xu&(XR|XX)) != XR);
        case  NFULL: return ((n->sym->xu&(XS|XX)) != XS);
        case   FULL: return ((n->sym->xu&(XR|XX)) != XR);
        case  EMPTY: return ((n->sym->xu&(XS|XX)) != XS);
        case  LEN:   return (((n->sym->xu)&(XR|XS|XX)) != (XR|XS));

        case   NAME:
                if (n->sym->context
                || (n->sym->hidden&64)
                ||  strcmp(n->sym->name, "_pid") == 0
                ||  strcmp(n->sym->name, "_") == 0)
                        return 0;
                return 1;

        case RUN:
                return proc_is_safe(n);

        case C_CODE: case C_EXPR:
                return glob_inline(n->sym->name);

        case ENABLED: case PC_VAL: case NONPROGRESS:
        case 'p': case 'q':
        case TIMEOUT:
                return 1;

        /*      @ was 1 (global) since 2.8.5
                in 3.0 it is considered local and
                conditionally safe, provided:
                        II is the youngest process
                        and nrprocs < MAXPROCS
        */
        case '@': return 0;

        case '!': case UMIN: case '~': case ASSERT:
                return has_global(n->lft);

        case '/': case '*': case '-': case '+':
        case '%': case LT:  case GT: case '&': case '^':
        case '|': case LE:  case GE:  case NE: case '?':
        case EQ:  case OR:  case AND: case LSHIFT:
        case RSHIFT: case 'c': case ASGN:
                return has_global(n->lft) || has_global(n->rgt);

        case PRINT:
                for (v = n->lft; v; v = v->rgt)
                        if (has_global(v->lft)) return 1;
                return 0;
        case PRINTM:
                return has_global(n->lft);
        }
        return 0;
}

static void
Bailout(FILE *fd, char *str)
{
        if (!GenCode)
                fprintf(fd, "continue%s", str);
        else if (IsGuard)
                fprintf(fd, "%s%s", NextLab[Level], str);
        else
                fprintf(fd, "Uerror(\"block in d_step seq\")%s", str);
}

#define cat0(x)         putstmnt(fd,now->lft,m); fprintf(fd, x); \
                        putstmnt(fd,now->rgt,m)
#define cat1(x)         fprintf(fd,"("); cat0(x); fprintf(fd,")")
#define cat2(x,y)       fprintf(fd,x); putstmnt(fd,y,m)
#define cat3(x,y,z)     fprintf(fd,x); putstmnt(fd,y,m); fprintf(fd,z)

void
putstmnt(FILE *fd, Lextok *now, int m)
{       Lextok *v;
        int i, j;

        if (!now) { fprintf(fd, "0"); return; }
        lineno = now->ln;
        Fname  = now->fn;

        switch (now->ntyp) {
        case CONST:     fprintf(fd, "%d", now->val); break;
        case '!':       cat3(" !(", now->lft, ")"); break;
        case UMIN:      cat3(" -(", now->lft, ")"); break;
        case '~':       cat3(" ~(", now->lft, ")"); break;

        case '/':       cat1("/");  break;
        case '*':       cat1("*");  break;
        case '-':       cat1("-");  break;
        case '+':       cat1("+");  break;
        case '%':       cat1("%%"); break;
        case '&':       cat1("&");  break;
        case '^':       cat1("^");  break;
        case '|':       cat1("|");  break;
        case LT:        cat1("<");  break;
        case GT:        cat1(">");  break;
        case LE:        cat1("<="); break;
        case GE:        cat1(">="); break;
        case NE:        cat1("!="); break;
        case EQ:        cat1("=="); break;
        case OR:        cat1("||"); break;
        case AND:       cat1("&&"); break;
        case LSHIFT:    cat1("<<"); break;
        case RSHIFT:    cat1(">>"); break;

        case TIMEOUT:
                if (separate == 2)
                        fprintf(fd, "((tau)&1)");
                else
                        fprintf(fd, "((trpt->tau)&1)");
                if (GenCode)
                 printf("spin: warning, %s:%d, 'timeout' in d_step sequence\n",
                        Fname->name, lineno);
                /* is okay as a guard */
                break;

        case RUN:
                if (now->sym == NULL)
                        Fatal("internal error pangen2.c", (char *) 0);
                if (claimproc
                &&  strcmp(now->sym->name, claimproc) == 0)
                        fatal("claim %s, (not runnable)", claimproc);
                if (eventmap
                &&  strcmp(now->sym->name, eventmap) == 0)
                        fatal("eventmap %s, (not runnable)", eventmap);

                if (GenCode)
                  fatal("'run' in d_step sequence (use atomic)",
                        (char *)0);

                fprintf(fd,"addproc(II, %d", fproc(now->sym->name));
                for (v = now->lft, i = 0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                {       cat2(", ", v->lft);
                }
                check_param_count(i, now);

                if (i > Npars)
                {       /* printf("\t%d parameters used, max %d expected\n", i, Npars); */
                        fatal("too many parameters in run %s(...)", now->sym->name);
                }
                for ( ; i < Npars; i++)
                        fprintf(fd, ", 0");
                fprintf(fd, ")");
                break;

        case ENABLED:
                cat3("enabled(II, ", now->lft, ")");
                break;

        case NONPROGRESS:
                /* o_pm&4=progress, tau&128=claim stutter */
                if (separate == 2)
                fprintf(fd, "(!(o_pm&4) && !(tau&128))");
                else
                fprintf(fd, "(!(trpt->o_pm&4) && !(trpt->tau&128))");
                break;

        case PC_VAL:
                cat3("((P0 *) Pptr(", now->lft, "+BASE))->_p");
                break;

        case LEN:
                if (!terse && !TestOnly && has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#ifndef XUSAFE\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&1) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_R_check(", now->lft, m, "");
                        fprintf(fd, ", II)) &&\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&2) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_S_check(", now->lft, m, ", II)) &&");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                putname(fd, "q_len(", now->lft, m, ")");
                break;

        case FULL:
                if (!terse && !TestOnly && has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#ifndef XUSAFE\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&1) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_R_check(", now->lft, m, "");
                        fprintf(fd, ", II)) &&\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&2) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_S_check(", now->lft, m, ", II)) &&");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                putname(fd, "q_full(", now->lft, m, ")");
                break;

        case EMPTY:
                if (!terse && !TestOnly && has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#ifndef XUSAFE\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&1) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_R_check(", now->lft, m, "");
                        fprintf(fd, ", II)) &&\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&2) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_S_check(", now->lft, m, ", II)) &&");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                putname(fd, "(q_len(", now->lft, m, ")==0)");
                break;

        case NFULL:
                if (!terse && !TestOnly && has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#ifndef XUSAFE\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&2) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_S_check(", now->lft, m, ", II)) &&");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                putname(fd, "(!q_full(", now->lft, m, "))");
                break;

        case NEMPTY:
                if (!terse && !TestOnly && has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#ifndef XUSAFE\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&1) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_R_check(", now->lft, m, ", II)) &&");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                putname(fd, "(q_len(", now->lft, m, ")>0)");
                break;

        case 's':
                if (Pid == eventmapnr)
                {       fprintf(fd, "if ((II == -EVENT_TRACE && _tp != 's') ");
                        putname(fd, "|| _qid+1 != ", now->lft, m, "");
                        for (v = now->rgt, i=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        {       if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                                &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL)
                                        continue;
                                fprintf(fd, " \\\n\t\t|| qrecv(");
                                putname(fd, "", now->lft, m, ", ");
                                putname(fd, "q_len(", now->lft, m, ")-1, ");
                                fprintf(fd, "%d, 0) != ", i);
                                if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft, m);
                                else /* EVAL */
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft->lft, m);
                        }
                        fprintf(fd, ")\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t       continue");
                        putname(th, " || (x_y3_ == ", now->lft, m, ")");
                        break;
                }
                if (TestOnly)
                {       if (m_loss)
                                fprintf(fd, "1");
                        else
                                putname(fd, "!q_full(", now->lft, m, ")");
                        break;
                }
                if (has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#if !defined(XUSAFE) && !defined(NOREDUCE)\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "if (q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&2)\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "{  q_S_check(", now->lft, m, ", II);\n\t\t");
                        fprintf(fd, "}\n");
                        if (has_sorted && now->val == 1)
                        {       putname(fd, "\t\tif (q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&1)\n\t\t"); /* &1 iso &2 */
                                fprintf(fd, "{  uerror(\"sorted send on xr channel violates po reduction\");\n\t\t");
                                fprintf(fd, "}\n");
                        }
                        fprintf(fd, "#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                fprintf(fd, "if (q_%s",
                        (u_sync > 0 && u_async == 0)?"len":"full");
                putname(fd, "(", now->lft, m, "))\n");

                if (m_loss)
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t{ nlost++; delta_m = 1; } else {");
                else
                {       fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t");
                        Bailout(fd, ";");
                }

                if (has_enabled)
                        fprintf(fd, "\n\t\tif (TstOnly) return 1;");

                if (u_sync && !u_async && rvopt)
                        fprintf(fd, "\n\n\t\tif (no_recvs(II)) continue;\n");

                fprintf(fd, "\n#ifdef HAS_CODE\n");
                fprintf(fd, "\t\tif (readtrail && gui) {\n");
                fprintf(fd, "\t\t\tchar simtmp[32];\n");
                putname(fd, "\t\t\tsprintf(simvals, \"%%d!\", ", now->lft, m, ");\n");
                _isok++;
                for (v = now->rgt, i = 0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                {       cat3("\t\tsprintf(simtmp, \"%%d\", ", v->lft, "); strcat(simvals, simtmp);");
                        if (v->rgt)
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\tstrcat(simvals, \",\");\n");
                }
                _isok--;
                fprintf(fd, "\t\t}\n");
                fprintf(fd, "#endif\n\t\t");

                putname(fd, "\n\t\tqsend(", now->lft, m, "");
                fprintf(fd, ", %d", now->val);
                for (v = now->rgt, i = 0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                {       cat2(", ", v->lft);
                }
                if (i > Mpars)
                {       terse++;
                        putname(stdout, "channel name: ", now->lft, m, "\n");
                        terse--;
                        printf("        %d msg parameters sent, %d expected\n", i, Mpars);
                        fatal("too many pars in send", "");
                }
                for (j = i; i < Mpars; i++)
                        fprintf(fd, ", 0");
                fprintf(fd, ", %d)", j);
                if (u_sync)
                {       fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");
                        if (u_async)
                          putname(fd, "if (q_zero(", now->lft, m, ")) ");
                        putname(fd, "{ boq = ", now->lft, m, "");
                        if (GenCode)
                          fprintf(fd, "; Uerror(\"rv-attempt in d_step\")");
                        fprintf(fd, "; }");
                }
                if (m_loss)
                        fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t}\n\t\t"); /* end of m_loss else */
                break;

        case 'r':
                if (Pid == eventmapnr)
                {       fprintf(fd, "if ((II == -EVENT_TRACE && _tp != 'r') ");
                        putname(fd, "|| _qid+1 != ", now->lft, m, "");
                        for (v = now->rgt, i=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        {       if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                                &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL)
                                        continue;
                                fprintf(fd, " \\\n\t\t|| qrecv(");
                                putname(fd, "", now->lft, m, ", ");
                                fprintf(fd, "0, %d, 0) != ", i);
                                if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft, m);
                                else /* EVAL */
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft->lft, m);
                        }
                        fprintf(fd, ")\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t       continue");

                        putname(tc, " || (x_y3_ == ", now->lft, m, ")");

                        break;
                }
                if (TestOnly)
                {       fprintf(fd, "((");
                        if (u_sync) fprintf(fd, "(boq == -1 && ");

                        putname(fd, "q_len(", now->lft, m, ")");

                        if (u_sync && now->val <= 1)
                        { putname(fd, ") || (boq == ",  now->lft,m," && ");
                          putname(fd, "q_zero(", now->lft,m,"))");
                        }

                        fprintf(fd, ")");
                        if (now->val == 0 || now->val == 2)
                        {       for (v = now->rgt, i=j=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                                { if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                  { cat3("\n\t\t&& (", v->lft, " == ");
                                    putname(fd, "qrecv(", now->lft, m, ", ");
                                    fprintf(fd, "0, %d, 0))", i);
                                  } else if (v->lft->ntyp == EVAL)
                                  { cat3("\n\t\t&& (", v->lft->lft, " == ");
                                    putname(fd, "qrecv(", now->lft, m, ", ");
                                    fprintf(fd, "0, %d, 0))", i);
                                  } else
                                  {     j++; continue;
                                  }
                                }
                        } else
                        {       fprintf(fd, "\n\t\t&& Q_has(");
                                putname(fd, "", now->lft, m, "");
                                for (v = now->rgt, i=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                                {       if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                        {       fprintf(fd, ", 1, ");
                                                putstmnt(fd, v->lft, m);
                                        } else if (v->lft->ntyp == EVAL)
                                        {       fprintf(fd, ", 1, ");
                                                putstmnt(fd, v->lft->lft, m);
                                        } else
                                        {       fprintf(fd, ", 0, 0");
                                }       }
                                for ( ; i < Mpars; i++)
                                        fprintf(fd, ", 0, 0");
                                fprintf(fd, ")");
                        }
                        fprintf(fd, ")");
                        break;
                }
                if (has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#if !defined(XUSAFE) && !defined(NOREDUCE)\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "if (q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&1)\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "{  q_R_check(", now->lft, m, ", II);\n\t\t");
                        if (has_random && now->val != 0)
                        fprintf(fd, "   uerror(\"rand receive on xr channel violates po reduction\");\n\t\t");
                        fprintf(fd, "}\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                if (u_sync)
                {       if (now->val >= 2)
                        {       if (u_async)
                                { fprintf(fd, "if (");
                                  putname(fd, "q_zero(", now->lft,m,"))");
                                  fprintf(fd, "\n\t\t{\t");
                                }
                                fprintf(fd, "uerror(\"polling ");
                                fprintf(fd, "rv chan\");\n\t\t");
                                if (u_async)
                                  fprintf(fd, " continue;\n\t\t}\n\t\t");
                                fprintf(fd, "IfNotBlocked\n\t\t");
                        } else
                        {       fprintf(fd, "if (");
                                if (u_async == 0)
                                  putname(fd, "boq != ", now->lft,m,") ");
                                else
                                { putname(fd, "q_zero(", now->lft,m,"))");
                                  fprintf(fd, "\n\t\t{\tif (boq != ");
                                  putname(fd, "",  now->lft,m,") ");
                                  Bailout(fd, ";\n\t\t} else\n\t\t");
                                  fprintf(fd, "{\tif (boq != -1) ");
                                }
                                Bailout(fd, ";\n\t\t");
                                if (u_async)
                                        fprintf(fd, "}\n\t\t");
                }       }
                putname(fd, "if (q_len(", now->lft, m, ") == 0) ");
                Bailout(fd, "");

                for (v = now->rgt, j=0; v; v = v->rgt)
                {       if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                        &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL)
                                j++;    /* count settables */
                }
                fprintf(fd, ";\n\n\t\tXX=1");
/* test */      if (now->val == 0 || now->val == 2)
                {       for (v = now->rgt, i=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        {       if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                { fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");
                                  cat3("if (", v->lft, " != ");
                                  putname(fd, "qrecv(", now->lft, m, ", ");
                                  fprintf(fd, "0, %d, 0)) ", i);
                                  Bailout(fd, "");
                                } else if (v->lft->ntyp == EVAL)
                                { fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");
                                  cat3("if (", v->lft->lft, " != ");
                                  putname(fd, "qrecv(", now->lft, m, ", ");
                                  fprintf(fd, "0, %d, 0)) ", i);
                                  Bailout(fd, "");
                        }       }
                } else  /* random receive: val 1 or 3 */
                {       fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\tif (!(XX = Q_has(");
                        putname(fd, "", now->lft, m, "");
                        for (v = now->rgt, i=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        {       if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                {       fprintf(fd, ", 1, ");
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft, m);
                                } else if (v->lft->ntyp == EVAL)
                                {       fprintf(fd, ", 1, ");
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft->lft, m);
                                } else
                                {       fprintf(fd, ", 0, 0");
                        }       }
                        for ( ; i < Mpars; i++)
                                fprintf(fd, ", 0, 0");
                        fprintf(fd, "))) ");
                        Bailout(fd, "");
 if (!GenCode) {
                        fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");
                        if (multi_oval)
                        {       check_needed();
                                fprintf(fd, "(trpt+1)->bup.ovals[%d] = ",
                                        multi_oval-1);
                                multi_oval++;
                        } else
                                fprintf(fd, "(trpt+1)->bup.oval = ");
                        fprintf(fd, "XX");
 }
                }

                if (has_enabled)
                        fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\tif (TstOnly) return 1");

                if (j == 0 && now->val >= 2)
                {       fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");
                        break;  /* poll without side-effect */
                }

                if (!GenCode)
                {       int jj = 0;
                        fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");
                        /* no variables modified */
                        if (j == 0 && now->val == 0)
                        {       fprintf(fd, "if (q_flds[((Q0 *)qptr(");
                                putname(fd, "", now->lft, m, "-1))->_t]");
                                fprintf(fd, " != %d)\n\t", i);
                                fprintf(fd, "\t\tUerror(\"wrong nr of msg fields in rcv\");\n\t\t");
                        }

                        for (v = now->rgt; v; v = v->rgt)
                                if ((v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                                &&   v->lft->ntyp != EVAL))
                                        jj++;   /* nr of vars needing bup */

                        if (jj)
                        for (v = now->rgt, i = 0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        {       char tempbuf[64];

                                if ((v->lft->ntyp == CONST
                                ||   v->lft->ntyp == EVAL))
                                        continue;

                                if (multi_oval)
                                {       check_needed();
                                        sprintf(tempbuf, "(trpt+1)->bup.ovals[%d] = ",
                                                multi_oval-1);
                                        multi_oval++;
                                } else
                                        sprintf(tempbuf, "(trpt+1)->bup.oval = ");

                                if (v->lft->sym && !strcmp(v->lft->sym->name, "_"))
                                {       fprintf(fd, tempbuf);
                                        putname(fd, "qrecv(", now->lft, m, "");
                                        fprintf(fd, ", XX-1, %d, 0);\n\t\t", i);
                                } else
                                {       _isok++;
                                        cat3(tempbuf, v->lft, ";\n\t\t");
                                        _isok--;
                                }
                        }

                        if (jj) /* check for double entries q?x,x */
                        {       Lextok *w;

                                for (v = now->rgt; v; v = v->rgt)
                                {       if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                                        &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL
                                        &&  v->lft->sym
                                        &&  v->lft->sym->type != STRUCT /* not a struct */
                                        &&  (v->lft->sym->nel == 1 && v->lft->sym->isarray == 0) /* not array */
                                        &&  strcmp(v->lft->sym->name, "_") != 0)
                                        for (w = v->rgt; w; w = w->rgt)
                                                if (v->lft->sym == w->lft->sym)
                                                {       fatal("cannot use var ('%s') in multiple msg fields",
                                                                v->lft->sym->name);
                        }       }               }
                }
/* set */       for (v = now->rgt, i = 0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                {       if ((v->lft->ntyp == CONST
                        ||   v->lft->ntyp == EVAL) && v->rgt)
                                continue;
                        fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");

                        if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                        &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL
                        &&  v->lft->sym != NULL
                        &&  strcmp(v->lft->sym->name, "_") != 0)
                        {       nocast=1;
                                _isok++;
                                putstmnt(fd, v->lft, m);
                                _isok--;
                                nocast=0;
                                fprintf(fd, " = ");
                        }
                        putname(fd, "qrecv(", now->lft, m, ", ");
                        fprintf(fd, "XX-1, %d, ", i);
                        fprintf(fd, "%d)", (v->rgt || now->val >= 2)?0:1);

                        if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                        &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL
                        &&  v->lft->sym != NULL
                        && strcmp(v->lft->sym->name, "_") != 0
                        &&  (v->lft->ntyp != NAME
                        ||   v->lft->sym->type != CHAN))
                        {       fprintf(fd, ";\n#ifdef VAR_RANGES");
                                fprintf(fd, "\n\t\tlogval(\"");
                                withprocname = terse = nocast = 1;
                                _isok++;
                                putstmnt(fd,v->lft,m);
                                withprocname = terse = nocast = 0;
                                fprintf(fd, "\", ");
                                putstmnt(fd,v->lft,m);
                                _isok--;
                                fprintf(fd, ");\n#endif\n");
                                fprintf(fd, "\t\t");
                        }
                }
                fprintf(fd, ";\n\t\t");

                fprintf(fd, "\n#ifdef HAS_CODE\n");
                fprintf(fd, "\t\tif (readtrail && gui) {\n");
                fprintf(fd, "\t\t\tchar simtmp[32];\n");
                putname(fd, "\t\t\tsprintf(simvals, \"%%d?\", ", now->lft, m, ");\n");
                _isok++;
                for (v = now->rgt, i = 0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                {       if (v->lft->ntyp != EVAL)
                        { cat3("\t\tsprintf(simtmp, \"%%d\", ", v->lft, "); strcat(simvals, simtmp);");
                        } else
                        { cat3("\t\tsprintf(simtmp, \"%%d\", ", v->lft->lft, "); strcat(simvals, simtmp);");
                        }
                        if (v->rgt)
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\tstrcat(simvals, \",\");\n");
                }
                _isok--;
                fprintf(fd, "\t\t}\n");
                fprintf(fd, "#endif\n\t\t");

                if (u_sync)
                {       putname(fd, "if (q_zero(", now->lft, m, "))");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n\t\t{    boq = -1;\n");

                        fprintf(fd, "#ifndef NOFAIR\n"); /* NEW 3.0.8 */
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\tif (fairness\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t&& !(trpt->o_pm&32)\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t&& (now._a_t&2)\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t&&  now._cnt[now._a_t&1] == II+2)\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t{    now._cnt[now._a_t&1] -= 1;\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "#ifdef VERI\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t     if (II == 1)\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t             now._cnt[now._a_t&1] = 1;\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "#endif\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "#ifdef DEBUG\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\tprintf(\"%%3d: proc %%d fairness \", depth, II);\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\tprintf(\"Rule 2: --cnt to %%d (%%d)\\n\",\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t     now._cnt[now._a_t&1], now._a_t);\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "#endif\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t     trpt->o_pm |= (32|64);\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t\t}\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "#endif\n");

                        fprintf(fd, "\n\t\t}");
                }
                break;

        case 'R':
                if (!terse && !TestOnly && has_xu)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n#ifndef XUSAFE\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&1) || ");
                        fprintf(fd, "q_R_check(");
                        putname(fd, "", now->lft, m, ", II)) &&\n\t\t");
                        putname(fd, "(!(q_claim[", now->lft, m, "]&2) || ");
                        putname(fd, "q_S_check(", now->lft, m, ", II)) &&");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n#endif\n\t\t");
                }
                if (u_sync>0)
                        putname(fd, "not_RV(", now->lft, m, ") && \\\n\t\t");

                for (v = now->rgt, i=j=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                        &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL)
                        {       j++; continue;
                        }
                if (now->val == 0 || i == j)
                {       putname(fd, "(q_len(", now->lft, m, ") > 0");
                        for (v = now->rgt, i=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        {       if (v->lft->ntyp != CONST
                                &&  v->lft->ntyp != EVAL)
                                        continue;
                                fprintf(fd, " \\\n\t\t&& qrecv(");
                                putname(fd, "", now->lft, m, ", ");
                                fprintf(fd, "0, %d, 0) == ", i);
                                if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft, m);
                                else /* EVAL */
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft->lft, m);
                        }
                        fprintf(fd, ")");
                } else
                {       putname(fd, "Q_has(", now->lft, m, "");
                        for (v = now->rgt, i=0; v; v = v->rgt, i++)
                        {       if (v->lft->ntyp == CONST)
                                {       fprintf(fd, ", 1, ");
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft, m);
                                } else if (v->lft->ntyp == EVAL)
                                {       fprintf(fd, ", 1, ");
                                        putstmnt(fd, v->lft->lft, m);
                                } else
                                        fprintf(fd, ", 0, 0");
                        }       
                        for ( ; i < Mpars; i++)
                                fprintf(fd, ", 0, 0");
                        fprintf(fd, ")");
                }
                break;

        case 'c':
                preruse(fd, now->lft);  /* preconditions */
                cat3("if (!(", now->lft, "))\n\t\t\t");
                Bailout(fd, "");
                break;

        case  ELSE:
                if (!GenCode)
                {       if (separate == 2)
                                fprintf(fd, "if (o_pm&1)\n\t\t\t");
                        else
                                fprintf(fd, "if (trpt->o_pm&1)\n\t\t\t");
                        Bailout(fd, "");
                } else
                {       fprintf(fd, "/* else */");
                }
                break;

        case '?':
                if (now->lft)
                {       cat3("( (", now->lft, ") ? ");
                }
                if (now->rgt)
                {       cat3("(", now->rgt->lft, ") : ");
                        cat3("(", now->rgt->rgt, ") )");
                }
                break;

        case ASGN:
                if (has_enabled)
                fprintf(fd, "if (TstOnly) return 1;\n\t\t");
                _isok++;

                if (!GenCode)
                {       if (multi_oval)
                        {       char tempbuf[64];
                                check_needed();
                                sprintf(tempbuf, "(trpt+1)->bup.ovals[%d] = ",
                                        multi_oval-1);
                                multi_oval++;
                                cat3(tempbuf, now->lft, ";\n\t\t");
                        } else
                        {       cat3("(trpt+1)->bup.oval = ", now->lft, ";\n\t\t");
                }       }
                nocast = 1; putstmnt(fd,now->lft,m); nocast = 0;
                fprintf(fd," = ");
                _isok--;
                putstmnt(fd,now->rgt,m);

                if (now->sym->type != CHAN
                ||  verbose > 0)
                {       fprintf(fd, ";\n#ifdef VAR_RANGES");
                        fprintf(fd, "\n\t\tlogval(\"");
                        withprocname = terse = nocast = 1;
                        _isok++;
                        putstmnt(fd,now->lft,m);
                        withprocname = terse = nocast = 0;
                        fprintf(fd, "\", ");
                        putstmnt(fd,now->lft,m);
                        _isok--;
                        fprintf(fd, ");\n#endif\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\t");
                }
                break;

        case PRINT:
                if (has_enabled)
                fprintf(fd, "if (TstOnly) return 1;\n\t\t");
#ifdef PRINTF
                fprintf(fd, "printf(%s", now->sym->name);
#else
                fprintf(fd, "Printf(%s", now->sym->name);
#endif
                for (v = now->lft; v; v = v->rgt)
                {       cat2(", ", v->lft);
                }
                fprintf(fd, ")");
                break;

        case PRINTM:
                if (has_enabled)
                fprintf(fd, "if (TstOnly) return 1;\n\t\t");
                fprintf(fd, "printm(");
                if (now->lft && now->lft->ismtyp)
                        fprintf(fd, "%d", now->lft->val);
                else
                        putstmnt(fd, now->lft, m);
                fprintf(fd, ")");
                break;

        case NAME:
                if (!nocast && now->sym && Sym_typ(now) < SHORT)
                        putname(fd, "((int)", now, m, ")");
                else
                        putname(fd, "", now, m, "");
                break;

        case   'p':
                putremote(fd, now, m);
                break;

        case   'q':
                if (terse)
                        fprintf(fd, "%s", now->sym->name);
                else
                        fprintf(fd, "%d", remotelab(now));
                break;

        case C_EXPR:
                fprintf(fd, "(");
                plunk_expr(fd, now->sym->name);
#if 1
                fprintf(fd, ")");
#else
                fprintf(fd, ") /* %s */ ", now->sym->name);
#endif
                break;

        case C_CODE:
                if (now->sym)
                        fprintf(fd, "/* %s */\n\t\t", now->sym->name);
                if (has_enabled)
                        fprintf(fd, "if (TstOnly) return 1;\n\t\t");

                if (now->sym)
                        plunk_inline(fd, now->sym->name, 1, GenCode);
                else
                        Fatal("internal error pangen2.c", (char *) 0);

                if (!GenCode)
                {       fprintf(fd, "\n");      /* state changed, capture it */
                        fprintf(fd, "#if defined(C_States) && (HAS_TRACK==1)\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "\t\tc_update((uchar *) &(now.c_state[0]));\n");
                        fprintf(fd, "#endif\n");
                }
                break;

        case ASSERT:
                if (has_enabled)
                        fprintf(fd, "if (TstOnly) return 1;\n\t\t");

                cat3("spin_assert(", now->lft, ", ");
                terse = nocast = 1;
                cat3("\"", now->lft, "\", II, tt, t)");
                terse = nocast = 0;
                break;

        case '.':
        case BREAK:
        case GOTO:
                if (Pid == eventmapnr)
                        fprintf(fd, "Uerror(\"cannot get here\")");
                putskip(m);
                break;

        case '@':
                if (Pid == eventmapnr)
                {       fprintf(fd, "return 0");
                        break;
                }

                if (has_enabled)
                {       fprintf(fd, "if (TstOnly)\n\t\t\t");
                        fprintf(fd, "return (II+1 == now._nr_pr);\n\t\t");
                }
                fprintf(fd, "if (!delproc(1, II)) ");
                Bailout(fd, "");
                break;

        default:
                printf("spin: error, %s:%d, bad node type %d (.m)\n",
                        now->fn->name, now->ln, now->ntyp);
                fflush(tm);
                alldone(1);
        }
}

char *
simplify_name(char *s)
{       char *t = s;

        if (!old_scope_rules)
        {       while (*t == '_' || isdigit((int)*t))
                {       t++;
        }       }

        return t;
}

void
putname(FILE *fd, char *pre, Lextok *n, int m, char *suff) /* varref */
{       Symbol *s = n->sym;
        char *ptr;

        lineno = n->ln; Fname = n->fn;

        if (!s)
                fatal("no name - putname", (char *) 0);

        if (s->context && context && s->type)
                s = findloc(s);         /* it's a local var */

        if (!s)
        {       fprintf(fd, "%s%s%s", pre, n->sym->name, suff);
                return;
        }
        if (!s->type)   /* not a local name */
                s = lookup(s->name);    /* must be a global */

        if (!s->type)
        {       if (strcmp(pre, ".") != 0)
                        fatal("undeclared variable '%s'", s->name);
                s->type = INT;
        }

        if (s->type == PROCTYPE)
                fatal("proctype-name '%s' used as array-name", s->name);

        fprintf(fd, pre);
        if (!terse && !s->owner && evalindex != 1)
        {       if (s->context
                ||  strcmp(s->name, "_p") == 0
                ||  strcmp(s->name, "_pid") == 0)
                {       fprintf(fd, "((P%d *)this)->", Pid);
                } else
                {       int x = strcmp(s->name, "_");
                        if (!(s->hidden&1) && x != 0)
                                fprintf(fd, "now.");
                        if (x == 0 && _isok == 0)
                                fatal("attempt to read value of '_'", 0);
        }       }

        ptr = s->name;

        if (s->type != PREDEF)  /* new 6.0.2 */
        {       if (withprocname
                &&  s->context
                &&  strcmp(pre, "."))
                {       fprintf(fd, "%s:", s->context->name);
                        ptr = simplify_name(ptr);
                } else
                {       if (terse)
                        {       ptr = simplify_name(ptr);
        }       }       }

        if (evalindex != 1)
                fprintf(fd, "%s", ptr);

        if (s->nel > 1 || s->isarray == 1)
        {       if (no_arrays)
                {       non_fatal("ref to array element invalid in this context",
                                (char *)0);
                        printf("\thint: instead of, e.g., x[rs] qu[3], use\n");
                        printf("\tchan nm_3 = qu[3]; x[rs] nm_3;\n");
                        printf("\tand use nm_3 in sends/recvs instead of qu[3]\n");
                }
                /* an xr or xs reference to an array element
                 * becomes an exclusion tag on the array itself -
                 * which could result in invalidly labeling
                 * operations on other elements of this array to
                 * be also safe under the partial order reduction
                 * (see procedure has_global())
                 */

                if (evalindex == 2)
                {       fprintf(fd, "[%%d]");
                } else if (evalindex == 1)
                {       evalindex = 0;          /* no good if index is indexed array */
                        fprintf(fd, ", ");
                        putstmnt(fd, n->lft, m);
                        evalindex = 1;
                } else
                {       if (terse
                        || (n->lft
                        &&  n->lft->ntyp == CONST
                        &&  n->lft->val < s->nel)
                        || (!n->lft && s->nel > 0))
                        {       cat3("[", n->lft, "]");
                        } else
                        {       /* attempt to catch arrays that are indexed with an array element in the same array
                                 * this causes trouble in the verifier in the backtracking
                                 * e.g., restoring a[?] in the assignment: a [a[1]] = x where a[1] == 1
                                 * but it is hard when the array is inside a structure, so the names dont match
                                 */
#if 0
                                if (n->lft->ntyp == NAME)
                                {       printf("%4d: Basename %s        index %s\n",
                                                n->lft->ln, s->name, n->lft->sym->name);
                                }
#endif
                                cat3("[ Index(", n->lft, ", ");
                                fprintf(fd, "%d) ]", s->nel);
                }       }
        } else
        {       if (n->lft      /* effectively a scalar, but with an index */
                && (n->lft->ntyp != CONST
                ||  n->lft->val != 0))
                {       fatal("ref to scalar '%s' using array index", (char *) ptr);
        }       }

        if (s->type == STRUCT && n->rgt && n->rgt->lft)
        {       putname(fd, ".", n->rgt->lft, m, "");
        }
        fprintf(fd, suff);
}

void
putremote(FILE *fd, Lextok *n, int m)   /* remote reference */
{       int promoted = 0;
        int pt;

        if (terse)
        {       fprintf(fd, "%s", n->lft->sym->name);   /* proctype name */
                if (n->lft->lft)
                {       fprintf(fd, "[");
                        putstmnt(fd, n->lft->lft, m);   /* pid */
                        fprintf(fd, "]");
                }
                fprintf(fd, ".%s", n->sym->name);
        } else
        {       if (Sym_typ(n) < SHORT)
                {       promoted = 1;
                        fprintf(fd, "((int)");
                }

                pt = fproc(n->lft->sym->name);
                fprintf(fd, "((P%d *)Pptr(", pt);
                if (n->lft->lft)
                {       fprintf(fd, "BASE+");
                        putstmnt(fd, n->lft->lft, m);
                } else
                        fprintf(fd, "f_pid(%d)", pt);
                fprintf(fd, "))->%s", n->sym->name);
        }
        if (n->rgt)
        {       fprintf(fd, "[");
                putstmnt(fd, n->rgt, m);        /* array var ref */
                fprintf(fd, "]");
        }
        if (promoted) fprintf(fd, ")");
}

static int
getweight(Lextok *n)
{       /* this piece of code is a remnant of early versions
         * of the verifier -- in the current version of Spin
         * only non-zero values matter - so this could probably
         * simply return 1 in all cases.
         */
        switch (n->ntyp) {
        case 'r':     return 4;
        case 's':     return 2;
        case TIMEOUT: return 1;
        case 'c':     if (has_typ(n->lft, TIMEOUT)) return 1;
        }
        return 3;
}

int
has_typ(Lextok *n, int m)
{
        if (!n) return 0;
        if (n->ntyp == m) return 1;
        return (has_typ(n->lft, m) || has_typ(n->rgt, m));
}

static int runcount, opcount;

static void
do_count(Lextok *n, int checkop)
{
        if (!n) return;

        switch (n->ntyp) {
        case RUN:
                runcount++;
                break;
        default:
                if (checkop) opcount++;
                break;
        }
        do_count(n->lft, checkop && (n->ntyp != RUN));
        do_count(n->rgt, checkop);
}

void
count_runs(Lextok *n)
{
        runcount = opcount = 0;
        do_count(n, 1);
        if (runcount > 1)
                fatal("more than one run operator in expression", "");
        if (runcount == 1 && opcount > 1)
                fatal("use of run operator in compound expression", "");
}

void
any_runs(Lextok *n)
{
        runcount = opcount = 0;
        do_count(n, 0);
        if (runcount >= 1)
                fatal("run operator used in invalid context", "");
}